Marine Science Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What property of ice allows it to float on liquid water?

  • Ice contains more water molecules than liquid water.
  • Ice has a composition that is different from liquid water.
  • Ice is less dense than water because it expands when frozen. (correct)
  • Ice has a higher temperature than liquid water.

    • What is the primary chemical element making up a majority of the salinity in seawater?

  • Potassium
  • Calcium
  • Chlorine (correct)
  • Magnesium

    • Which of the following is NOT a source of dissolved elements in seawater?

  • Ocean currents (correct)
  • Weathering of rocks
  • Evaporation of seawater
  • Volcanic eruptions

    • How does the salinity of seawater generally vary?

    <p>Between 33 to 37 parts per thousand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following oceans is recognized today that was not historically included?

    <p>Southern Ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process allows rainwater to enter the soil?

    <p>Infiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stage in the hydrologic cycle?

    <p>Hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of hydrogeology?

    <p>The distribution and flow of groundwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes scientists who specialize in the study of groundwater?

    <p>Hydrogeologists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT contribute to groundwater recharge?

    <p>Evaporation from bodies of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the salinity of seawater to decrease?

    <p>Precipitation and river inflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which ocean layer does the temperature drop rapidly with depth?

    <p>Thermocline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the surface layer of the ocean?

    <p>It is home to many marine plants and animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the surface currents in the ocean?

    <p>Prevailing winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the deep zone of the ocean?

    <p>It has a uniform temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thermohaline circulation primarily driven by?

    <p>Salinity and density differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which hemisphere do ocean surface currents move clockwise?

    <p>Northern Hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to seawater when it freezes?

    <p>The remaining water becomes saltier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's surface is covered by the hydrosphere?

    <p>71%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process contributes the most to atmospheric water vapor?

    <p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main driver of the hydrologic cycle?

    <p>Solar heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process where ice changes directly into water vapor?

    <p>Sublimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the majority of evaporation occur in terms of water vapor in the atmosphere?

    <p>Ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs as water vapor rises and cools in the atmosphere?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the movement of water around Earth's surface and its subsystems called?

    <p>Hydrologic cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of reservoirs in the hydrologic cycle?

    <p>They are locations where water resides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of water scarcity affecting millions of people?

    <p>Uneven distribution and poor management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the ocean play in regulating Earth's climate?

    <p>Absorbs and circulates heat and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is most of the Earth's freshwater stored?

    <p>In glaciers and ice sheets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's total water is contained in the ocean?

    <p>97.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth?

    <p>Glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of a glacier?

    <p>It is a permanent body of ice from compacted snow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much of Earth's freshwater is stored in groundwater?

    <p>30.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen to global sea levels if the entire Antarctic ice sheet melted?

    <p>Rise by approximately 60 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average residence time of water in oceans?

    <p>Thousands of years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During glaciation, which of the following occurs?

    <p>More water locked up as snow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following contributes the least to the total freshwater supply?

    <p>Rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate total volume of freshwater stored in glaciers and ice sheets?

    <p>More than 24 million km³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of deglaciation on sea levels?

    <p>Increases sea levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the volume of water in the ocean when glaciers and ice caps melt?

    <p>The volume increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects the volume of water present in each reservoir?

    <p>Global temperature changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason that freshwater is critical for human use?

    <p>It is used for drinking, agriculture, and industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much of the total freshwater supply comes from surface water?

    <p>0.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the residence time for water in streams and rivers?

    <p>Few weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is permafrost defined as?

    <p>Frozen soil, rock, or sediment for more than two consecutive years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which percentage of Earth's total freshwater resource is constituted by permafrost?

    <p>0.8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of a stream?

    <p>It has well-defined passageways called channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the land area called where water flows into a particular stream?

    <p>Drainage basin or watershed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the upper layers of permafrost during the summer?

    <p>They thaw and refreeze</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the high landform that separates individual drainage basins?

    <p>Drainage divide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents 0.3% of Earth's total water resource?

    <p>Surface waters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when water can move downhill during heavy rain before entering stream channels?

    <p>Overland flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a marsh?

    <p>Shallow wetland dominated by grasses and reeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of wetland is characterized by trees and low oxygen content in the water?

    <p>Swamp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant ecological function of wetlands?

    <p>Replenishing groundwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a typical cause of flooding?

    <p>Consistent moderate rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of flooding is caused by the sudden release of water from reservoirs?

    <p>Flash flood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does vegetation help in reducing flood intensity?

    <p>By slowing down surface water flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an estuary?

    <p>A coastal area where freshwater meets saltwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario is most likely to cause pluvial flooding?

    <p>Heavy rainfall in urban areas overwhelming drainage systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total surface and atmospheric water do rivers constitute?

    <p>1.6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total length of the Cagayan River?

    <p>505 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about lakes?

    <p>They form in depressions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest wetland in the Philippines?

    <p>Ligawasan Marsh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is NOT a way lakes can form?

    <p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much area do wetlands cover as a percentage of total land surface and atmospheric water?

    <p>8.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of water bodies can serve as transportation routes?

    <p>Lakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ponds classified as?

    <p>Shallow lakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is groundwater primarily found in?

    <p>Rock and soil layers beneath the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of rock typically has high porosity?

    <p>Sand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines permeability in geological materials?

    <p>The ability to allow water to pass through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT effective for removing bacteria from water?

    <p>Filtering through coffee filters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of solar purification of water?

    <p>To kill germs, viruses, and parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is considered a good aquifer due to its high permeability?

    <p>Limestone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of clay?

    <p>High porosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's total freshwater is comprised of groundwater?

    <p>30.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Salinity of Seawater

    • Seawater salinity is kept within a narrow range by the hydrologic cycle
    • Evaporation removes water, making the remaining solution saltier
    • Precipitation and river inflow cause dilution
    • Salt is excluded because of its structure, making unfrozen seawater saltier

    Saltwater Reservoir

    • The ocean is a vast body of saline water, covering 71% of Earth
    • Divided into five distinct regions: Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern oceans
    • The total volume of water in the world's oceans is about 1340 million sq km
    • Salinity varies from 33 to 37 parts per thousand (ppt)
    • The major chemical elements in seawater are sodium and chlorine in very low concentrations
    • Other natural elements are also present in very low concentrations
    • Sources of dissolved elements include weathering of geologic materials, and in-situ disintegration of rocks and volcanic eruptions

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of marine science with this quiz that covers essential concepts such as the properties of ice, the chemical composition of seawater, and variations in salinity. Explore the historical context of ocean classifications and the sources of dissolved elements in seawater.

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