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Questions and Answers
What property of ice allows it to float on liquid water?
What property of ice allows it to float on liquid water?
What is the primary chemical element making up a majority of the salinity in seawater?
What is the primary chemical element making up a majority of the salinity in seawater?
Which of the following is NOT a source of dissolved elements in seawater?
Which of the following is NOT a source of dissolved elements in seawater?
How does the salinity of seawater generally vary?
How does the salinity of seawater generally vary?
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Which of the following oceans is recognized today that was not historically included?
Which of the following oceans is recognized today that was not historically included?
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What process allows rainwater to enter the soil?
What process allows rainwater to enter the soil?
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Which of the following is NOT a stage in the hydrologic cycle?
Which of the following is NOT a stage in the hydrologic cycle?
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What is the primary focus of hydrogeology?
What is the primary focus of hydrogeology?
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What term describes scientists who specialize in the study of groundwater?
What term describes scientists who specialize in the study of groundwater?
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Which factor does NOT contribute to groundwater recharge?
Which factor does NOT contribute to groundwater recharge?
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What causes the salinity of seawater to decrease?
What causes the salinity of seawater to decrease?
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In which ocean layer does the temperature drop rapidly with depth?
In which ocean layer does the temperature drop rapidly with depth?
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Which statement is true about the surface layer of the ocean?
Which statement is true about the surface layer of the ocean?
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What drives the surface currents in the ocean?
What drives the surface currents in the ocean?
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What characterizes the deep zone of the ocean?
What characterizes the deep zone of the ocean?
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What is thermohaline circulation primarily driven by?
What is thermohaline circulation primarily driven by?
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In which hemisphere do ocean surface currents move clockwise?
In which hemisphere do ocean surface currents move clockwise?
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What happens to seawater when it freezes?
What happens to seawater when it freezes?
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What percentage of Earth's surface is covered by the hydrosphere?
What percentage of Earth's surface is covered by the hydrosphere?
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Which process contributes the most to atmospheric water vapor?
Which process contributes the most to atmospheric water vapor?
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What is the main driver of the hydrologic cycle?
What is the main driver of the hydrologic cycle?
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What is the term for the process where ice changes directly into water vapor?
What is the term for the process where ice changes directly into water vapor?
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Where does the majority of evaporation occur in terms of water vapor in the atmosphere?
Where does the majority of evaporation occur in terms of water vapor in the atmosphere?
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What occurs as water vapor rises and cools in the atmosphere?
What occurs as water vapor rises and cools in the atmosphere?
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What is the movement of water around Earth's surface and its subsystems called?
What is the movement of water around Earth's surface and its subsystems called?
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What is the role of reservoirs in the hydrologic cycle?
What is the role of reservoirs in the hydrologic cycle?
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What is the primary cause of water scarcity affecting millions of people?
What is the primary cause of water scarcity affecting millions of people?
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What role does the ocean play in regulating Earth's climate?
What role does the ocean play in regulating Earth's climate?
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Where is most of the Earth's freshwater stored?
Where is most of the Earth's freshwater stored?
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What percentage of Earth's total water is contained in the ocean?
What percentage of Earth's total water is contained in the ocean?
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What is the largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth?
What is the largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth?
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What is the defining characteristic of a glacier?
What is the defining characteristic of a glacier?
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How much of Earth's freshwater is stored in groundwater?
How much of Earth's freshwater is stored in groundwater?
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What would happen to global sea levels if the entire Antarctic ice sheet melted?
What would happen to global sea levels if the entire Antarctic ice sheet melted?
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What is the average residence time of water in oceans?
What is the average residence time of water in oceans?
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During glaciation, which of the following occurs?
During glaciation, which of the following occurs?
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Which of the following contributes the least to the total freshwater supply?
Which of the following contributes the least to the total freshwater supply?
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What is the approximate total volume of freshwater stored in glaciers and ice sheets?
What is the approximate total volume of freshwater stored in glaciers and ice sheets?
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What is the main consequence of deglaciation on sea levels?
What is the main consequence of deglaciation on sea levels?
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What happens to the volume of water in the ocean when glaciers and ice caps melt?
What happens to the volume of water in the ocean when glaciers and ice caps melt?
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Which factor affects the volume of water present in each reservoir?
Which factor affects the volume of water present in each reservoir?
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What is the main reason that freshwater is critical for human use?
What is the main reason that freshwater is critical for human use?
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How much of the total freshwater supply comes from surface water?
How much of the total freshwater supply comes from surface water?
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What is the residence time for water in streams and rivers?
What is the residence time for water in streams and rivers?
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What is permafrost defined as?
What is permafrost defined as?
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Which percentage of Earth's total freshwater resource is constituted by permafrost?
Which percentage of Earth's total freshwater resource is constituted by permafrost?
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What is a characteristic feature of a stream?
What is a characteristic feature of a stream?
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What is the land area called where water flows into a particular stream?
What is the land area called where water flows into a particular stream?
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What happens to the upper layers of permafrost during the summer?
What happens to the upper layers of permafrost during the summer?
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What term describes the high landform that separates individual drainage basins?
What term describes the high landform that separates individual drainage basins?
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Which of the following represents 0.3% of Earth's total water resource?
Which of the following represents 0.3% of Earth's total water resource?
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What is the process called when water can move downhill during heavy rain before entering stream channels?
What is the process called when water can move downhill during heavy rain before entering stream channels?
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What characterizes a marsh?
What characterizes a marsh?
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Which type of wetland is characterized by trees and low oxygen content in the water?
Which type of wetland is characterized by trees and low oxygen content in the water?
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What is a significant ecological function of wetlands?
What is a significant ecological function of wetlands?
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What is NOT a typical cause of flooding?
What is NOT a typical cause of flooding?
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Which type of flooding is caused by the sudden release of water from reservoirs?
Which type of flooding is caused by the sudden release of water from reservoirs?
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How does vegetation help in reducing flood intensity?
How does vegetation help in reducing flood intensity?
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What defines an estuary?
What defines an estuary?
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Which scenario is most likely to cause pluvial flooding?
Which scenario is most likely to cause pluvial flooding?
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What percentage of the total surface and atmospheric water do rivers constitute?
What percentage of the total surface and atmospheric water do rivers constitute?
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What is the total length of the Cagayan River?
What is the total length of the Cagayan River?
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Which of the following is true about lakes?
Which of the following is true about lakes?
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What is the largest wetland in the Philippines?
What is the largest wetland in the Philippines?
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Which process is NOT a way lakes can form?
Which process is NOT a way lakes can form?
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How much area do wetlands cover as a percentage of total land surface and atmospheric water?
How much area do wetlands cover as a percentage of total land surface and atmospheric water?
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What type of water bodies can serve as transportation routes?
What type of water bodies can serve as transportation routes?
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What are ponds classified as?
What are ponds classified as?
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What is groundwater primarily found in?
What is groundwater primarily found in?
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Which type of rock typically has high porosity?
Which type of rock typically has high porosity?
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What defines permeability in geological materials?
What defines permeability in geological materials?
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Which method is NOT effective for removing bacteria from water?
Which method is NOT effective for removing bacteria from water?
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What is the main purpose of solar purification of water?
What is the main purpose of solar purification of water?
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Which material is considered a good aquifer due to its high permeability?
Which material is considered a good aquifer due to its high permeability?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of clay?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of clay?
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What percentage of Earth's total freshwater is comprised of groundwater?
What percentage of Earth's total freshwater is comprised of groundwater?
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Study Notes
Salinity of Seawater
- Seawater salinity is kept within a narrow range by the hydrologic cycle
- Evaporation removes water, making the remaining solution saltier
- Precipitation and river inflow cause dilution
- Salt is excluded because of its structure, making unfrozen seawater saltier
Saltwater Reservoir
- The ocean is a vast body of saline water, covering 71% of Earth
- Divided into five distinct regions: Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern oceans
- The total volume of water in the world's oceans is about 1340 million sq km
- Salinity varies from 33 to 37 parts per thousand (ppt)
- The major chemical elements in seawater are sodium and chlorine in very low concentrations
- Other natural elements are also present in very low concentrations
- Sources of dissolved elements include weathering of geologic materials, and in-situ disintegration of rocks and volcanic eruptions
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Description
Test your knowledge of marine science with this quiz that covers essential concepts such as the properties of ice, the chemical composition of seawater, and variations in salinity. Explore the historical context of ocean classifications and the sources of dissolved elements in seawater.