Marine Life and Ecosystems Quiz

False (B)

Rising temperatures and melting ice; Ocean acidification and warming

satellite tracking; population studies

<p>Plants and microbes = Nutrient-poor soils, extreme cold, rising temperatures, melting ice Benthic invertebrates = Sea floor, stable oxygen levels, cold waters, ocean acidification, warming Adelie penguins = Sea ice, krill, climate change, depleting sea ice, disrupted food supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sargassum (A), Fucus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taxa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True kelps belong to the order Laminariales, while canopy-forming fucoids belong to the order Fucales.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whales and seaweeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>canopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nudibranch</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Box jellyfish = Toxins Killer whale = Predation Stonefish = Toxins Great White shark = Predation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide habitat for a wide diversity of marine life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toxins and predation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ocean circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The East Australian Current is a warm, fast-flowing current that plays a crucial role in the climate and marine ecosystem of the region. It influences temperature, nutrient distribution, and the migration of marine species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>primary production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Satellites = Monitoring ocean surface temperature, currents, and sea level Robots = Collecting data on ocean currents, water properties, and marine life Animals = Gathering information on marine habitats, migration patterns, and water quality Climate models = Predicting future climate scenarios and impacts on ocean systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced ability of marine organisms to build shells and skeletons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main factors that contribute to ocean acidification are the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by the ocean and the release of carbon dioxide from the deep ocean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Instability of large-scale currents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Roaring Forties and Furious Fifties</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Southern Ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eddies = Swirling patterns in water caused by instability in large-scale currents Surface waves = Waves formed on the interface between air and water Internal waves = Waves forming on the interface between layers of different densities Tsunamis = Waves generated by earthquakes beneath the ocean surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volcanic eruptions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a surface wave enters shallower water, it interacts with the seabed, causing it to steepen, slow down, and shorten its wavelength. Eventually, the wave becomes unstable and breaks, releasing energy that mixes the water column. This mixing process distributes heat and other properties vertically throughout the ocean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pollution, overfishing, and increased temperatures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>East Australian Current (EAC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>South Pacific Gyre</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>South Pacific Gyre = A large system of ocean currents that circulates across the South Pacific Ocean East Australian Current (EAC) = A powerful western boundary current flowing southward along the east coast of Australia Tasman Front = A branch of the EAC that moves across the Tasman Sea towards New Zealand Humboldt Current = A flow of cold, nutrient-rich water that runs south to north up the west coast of South America</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature, salinity, and pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased stratification reduces the supply of nutrients from deep waters to the surface, limiting plant growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differences in density (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratification restricts the movement of oxygen-rich surface waters down to the ocean interior, leading to reduced oxygen levels in deeper regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ecological communities found in ocean environments, including temperate and high latitude areas.

Famous and recognizable marine species, such as dolphins and sea turtles.

The large-scale movement of water in the oceans, driven by wind, tides, and temperature differences.

The decrease in pH levels of ocean water due to absorption of CO2 from the atmosphere.

The responsibility of humans to manage and protect ocean ecosystems sustainably.

How global warming and changing climate conditions affect ocean life and ecosystems.

Unique and often enigmatic species and ecosystems found in the deep ocean.

Fishing practices that maintain fish populations and ocean ecosystems for the future.

Organisms grouped in a classification system from kingdom to subspecies.

Common seashore symbol, with 1,500 species found in diverse habitats.

Colorful, soft-bodied marine gastropods known as sea slugs.

Tiny Cnidarians living in colonies that form important marine habitats.

A lethal marine animal known for its potent toxins.

Top marine predators that are often misunderstood in their role.

A large shark species known for its hunting prowess and public fear.

Intensive hunting led to near extinction of fur seals and whales.

Cold environments with diverse organisms adapted to survive harsh conditions.

Removed from the ecosystem resulting in long-term ecological effects.

Organisms like mosses thrive in nutrient-poor, cold soil; affected by climate change.

Sea stars and molluscs depend on stable oxygen and cold waters; impacted by ocean changes.

Depend on sea ice for breeding and krill; affected by climate change and ice loss.

Composed of canopy-forming brown algae, significant in northern but fewer in southern hemispheres.

Scientists use soil samples and population studies to assess environmental changes.

Circulating currents that form when large currents become unstable.

The process by which energy from surface waves and currents distributes heat throughout ocean depths.

Surface phenomena that transfer energy and cause ocean mixing, influenced by wind and depth.

The moment waves become too steep and unstable, crashing onto the shore or breaking deeper.

Waves that form below the surface at boundaries of different water densities.

Large ocean waves typically formed by underwater earthquakes.

Waves formed at the interface between air and water, visible at the ocean's surface.

The process by which energy from waves and currents is redistributed in the ocean.

The build-up of stressors affecting plants and animals leading to detrimental effects.

Factors like sediment runoff and overfishing that harm coral growth.

The depletion of fish populations, especially herbivores, impacting ecosystem balance.

An increase in algae due to reduced competition from corals and herbivorous fish.

A major ocean current in the South Pacific flowing south along Australia's east coast.

A large oceanic gyre circulating across the South Pacific Ocean.

A branch of the EAC that moves across the Tasman Sea towards New Zealand.

Increased wind stress has altered the EAC's flow and behavior.

The layering of seawater based on density, influenced by temperature and salinity.

Determined by temperature, salinity, and pressure; colder and saltier water is denser.

Leads to less mixing of deep and surface waters, affecting nutrient supply.

Stratification reduces the vertical supply of nutrients from the deep ocean to the surface.

Large systems of circulating ocean currents, often resulting in nutrient-poor areas.

The process by which ocean plants, like phytoplankton, produce organic matter through photosynthesis.

The reduction of oxygen in the ocean interior caused by stratification.

Warming and freshening of ocean surface leads to stratification, affecting marine ecosystems.