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What is the term for a general description of where a place is?
Geographers use only maps and globes in their work
False
Match the following geographer's tools with their descriptions:
Maps = A flat drawing that shows all or part of Earth's surface Globes = A spherical, or ball-shaped, model of the entire planet Graphs = A tool used to show data in a visual format Satellites = A tool used to study information gathered by satellites
What does the environment of an area include?
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Geographers study why and how people ______________, including the roads and routes that make movement so common.
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What is the main idea of Lesson 4?
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What is the purpose of latitude and longitude lines on a map?
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What is the term for the imaginary lines that run from the North Pole to the South Pole?
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What is the problem with representing the round surface of the Earth on a flat piece of paper?
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What is the name of the line that divides the world into Eastern and Western Hemispheres?
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What is the term for different ways of showing a round planet on flat maps?
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How many continents are there on Earth?
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What is the purpose of the grid system in geography?
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What is the line that divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres?
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What type of map projection is the Mercator projection an example of?
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What does a scale on a map show?
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What is the main purpose of a compass rose on a map?
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What type of map projection is based on a cone placed over the globe?
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What is a characteristic of flat-plane projections?
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What is the main purpose of a title on a map?
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What is a characteristic of cylindrical projections?
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What is the main purpose of a legend on a map?
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What is the main difference between a map and a globe?
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What is a limitation of maps?
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What do geographers study about the environment?
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What is an example of a geographer's tool?
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What is included in an area's environment?
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What can satellites provide to geographers?
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What is the study of why and how people move, including the roads and routes that make movement so common?
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What is the purpose of maps and globes?
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Study Notes
Maps and Geography
- There are different kinds of maps for different uses.
- Cartographers use a pattern of latitude and longitude lines that circle Earth to create maps.
Latitude and Longitude
- East-west lines are called lines of latitude, also known as parallels, which measure distance north and south of the equator.
- North-south lines are called lines of longitude, also known as meridians, which measure distance east and west of the prime meridian.
- Latitude and longitude lines are measured in degrees, divided into minutes.
- Using latitude and longitude lines, geographers can identify the exact location of any place on Earth.
Hemispheres and Continents
- The equator divides the globe into two hemispheres: Northern and Southern.
- The prime meridian and the 180° meridian divide the world into Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
- The land of Earth is divided into seven continents.
- The world ocean is divided into five oceans.
Map Projections
- Cartographers have created map projections to show the round surface of Earth on a flat piece of paper.
- All flat maps are distorted in some way, but they can show a great variety of information.
Satellites
- Satellites provide information about an area, including what it looks like from above Earth.
- Satellites collect information that can't be seen from the planet's surface.
- Satellites also collect and transmit information for the Global Positioning System (GPS).
- GPS helps drivers navigate and scientists study wildlife.
Other Geographic Tools
- Geographers use many tools, including graphs, charts, databases, and models.
- Geographic Information Systems (GIS) combine information from many sources to help people plan cities.
- Geographers also use simpler tools like notebooks and voice recorders to take notes.
Place and Location
- Place refers to an area's landscape, features, and characteristics that define it and make it different from other places.
- Absolute location is a specific description of where a place is, such as an address.
- Relative location is a general description of where a place is, including land, climate, and people.
Human-Environment Interaction
- An area's environment includes its land, water, climate, plants, and animals.
- Geographers study how people interact with their environment.
The Geographer's Tools
- Geographers use many tools to study the world, including maps, globes, satellites, and other tools.
- Maps and globes are the most commonly used tools of geographers.
Latitude and Longitude
- Cartographers use a pattern of latitude and longitude lines to describe locations on Earth.
- East-west lines are called lines of latitude, also known as parallels, which measure the distance north and south of the equator.
- Distances on latitude lines are measured in degrees, divided into minutes.
- North-south lines are called lines of longitude, also known as meridians, which measure the distance east and west of the prime meridian.
- Using latitude and longitude lines, geographers can identify the exact location of any place on Earth.
Hemispheres and Continents
- The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
- The prime meridian and the 180° meridian divide the world into Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
- The land of Earth is divided into seven continents.
- The world ocean is divided into five oceans.
Map Projections
- Cartographers have created map projections to show the round surface of Earth on a flat piece of paper.
- All flat maps are distorted in some way.
- There are three main types of map projections: cylindrical, conic, and flat-plane projections.
- Cylindrical projections are based on a cylinder wrapped around the globe, and landmasses near the poles appear larger than they are.
- Conic projections are based on a cone placed over the globe, and are useful for showing areas with long east-west dimensions.
- Flat-plane projections are based on a plane touching the globe at one point, and can show true direction and area.
Map Features
- Cartographers provide features to help users read maps, including a title, compass rose, scale, and legend.
- A title tells the subject of the map.
- A compass rose shows which way north, south, east, and west lie on a map.
- A scale shows how distances are represented on the map, and distances are in miles and kilometers.
- A legend explains the symbols and colors used on the map.
Human-Environment Interaction
- An area's environment includes its land, water, climate, plants, and animals.
- Geographers study how people interact with their environment.
- Absolute location is a specific description of where a place is, such as an address.
- Relative location is a general description of where a place is, including land, climate, and people.
The Geographer's Tools
- Geographers use many tools to study the world, including maps, globes, satellites, graphs, charts, databases, and models.
- Maps and globes are the most commonly used tools of geographers.
- Maps are flat drawings that show all or part of Earth's surface, and details can be distorted in order to show on a flat surface.
- Globes are spherical, or ball-shaped, models of the entire planet, and can show the world as it really is.
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Description
Learn about the different types of maps and how cartographers use latitude and longitude lines to create them. Understand the basics of latitude and longitude, including parallels and meridians.
