World Geography PDF

World Geography Lesson 1 What Is Geography? Main Idea 1 Geography is the study of the world, its people, and the landscapes they create. Geography is the study of the world, its people, and the landscapes they create. A place’s landscape is all the human...

World Geography Lesson 1 What Is Geography? Main Idea 1 Geography is the study of the world, its people, and the landscapes they create. Geography is the study of the world, its people, and the landscapes they create. A place’s landscape is all the human and physical features that make it unique. Geography as a Science Geographers ask questions about how the world works. Geographers gather and interpret data. Geography as a Social Science As a social science, geography studies people and the relationships among them. Geographers ask questions about people and their lives. Geographers visit places and talk to the people who live there to learn about lives and communities. 1 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 1 Landscapes 2 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 1 Landscapes 3 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography 4 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 2 Physical Geography Main Idea 1 Physical geography is the study of landforms, water bodies, and other physical features. Physical geography is the study of the world’s features—its landforms, bodies of water, climates, soils, and plants. The Physical World Physical geographers want to know all about the different features found on Earth and what causes them. Physical geographers take detailed measurements and track changes over time to help answer questions. Uses of Physical Geography Reasons to study physical geography include: – To learn how the world works and to better understand our world – To help us to learn to live with Earth’s changes and dangers and be prepared for them 5 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson No. 1 Looking at the World Google Earth App 6 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 2 Human Geography Main Idea 2 Human geography focuses on people, their cultures, and the landscapes they create. Human geography is the study of the world’s people, communities, and landscapes. The Human World Human geographers: – Study the world’s people, past and present – Look at where people live and why – Study what people do Many human geographers specialize in a specific area of study because people’s lives are so different around the world. Others study just one aspect of people’s lives, like economics, politics, or city life. 7 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography LESSON 3 Themes of Geography The Big Idea Geographers have created related systems for organizing geographic studies. Geographers use themes that can be applied to nearly everything that they study. 1) Location 2)Place 3)Movement 4) Regions 5)Human-Environment Interaction 8 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company  World Geography Lesson 1 Guayaquil Themes of Geography Location: Guayaquil is located in the coast of Ecuador, very close to the Pacific Ocean along the Guayas River. 9 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography LESSON 1 ICONIC PLACES : MALECON 2000 / LA PERLA 10 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography LESSON 1 MOVEMENT – TRANSPORTATION /MIGRATION 11 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography LESSON 1 Region 12 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 1 Human Environment Interaction 13 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography How we interact with our environment ? 14 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography How we interact with our environment 15 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 3 Main Idea 1 (continued) Location Place Every point on Earth has a location. Place refers to an area’s landscape, the Absolute location is a specific description features that define the area and make it of where a place is, such as an address. different from other places. Relative location is a general description Can include land, climate, and people of where a place is. 16 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 3 Main Idea 1 (continued) Human-Environment Interaction Movement An area’s environment includes its Study of why and how people move, land, water, climate, plants, and including the roads and routes that animals. make movement so common Geographers study how people interact with their environment. 17 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography LESSON 4 The Geographer’s Tools The Big Idea Geographers use many tools to study the world. Main Ideas Maps and globes are the most commonly used tools of geographers. Many geographers study information gathered by satellites. Geographers use many other tools, including graphs, charts, databases, and models, in their work. 18 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 4 Maps and Globes Main Idea 1 Maps and globes are the most commonly used tools of geographers. Maps Globes A map is a flat drawing that shows all or A globe is a spherical, or ball-shaped, model of part of Earth’s surface. the entire planet. Details can be distorted, or altered, in Can show world as it really is order to show on a flat surface. More expensive to make Easy to work with Usually only show where places are and what Can show a great variety of information features they have 19 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 4 Satellites Main Idea 2 Many geographers study information gathered by satellites. Satellite images: – Show what an area looks like from above Earth – Collect information that can’t be seen from the planet’s surface Satellites also collect and transmit information for a technology called Global Positioning System (GPS). GPS helps drivers navigate and scientists study wildlife. 20 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 4 Other Geographic Tools Main Idea 3 Geographers use many other tools, including graphs, charts, databases, and models, in their work. One tool is a group of databases called Geographic Information Systems (GIS). – Combines information from many sources – Helps people plan cities Geographers also use simpler tools like a notebook and voice recorder to take notes. 21 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography LESSON 5 Geography Handbook The Big Idea Geographers study the world by understanding maps and geographic features of Earth. Main Ideas When creating maps, cartographers use a pattern of latitude and longitude lines that circle Earth. Cartographers have created map projections to show the round surface of Earth on a flat piece of paper. Cartographers provide features to help users read maps. There are different kinds of maps for different uses. There are many kinds of landforms and other features on Earth. 22 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 5 Latitude and Longitude Main Idea 1 When creating maps, cartographers use a pattern of latitude and longitude lines that circle Earth. Geographers use a pattern of imaginary lines called a grid to describe locations. East-west lines are called lines of latitude. – Also called parallels because they run parallel to each other – Measure the distance north and south of the equator Distances are measured in degrees which are divided into minutes. North-south lines are called lines of longitude. – Also called meridians – Measure distance east and west of the prime meridian Using lines of latitude and longitude, geographers can identify the exact location of any place on Earth. 23 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 5 Main Idea 1 (continued) The equator divides the globe into halves called hemispheres. – Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere The prime meridian and the 180° meridian divide the world into Eastern and Western Hemispheres The land of Earth is divided into seven continents. The world ocean is divided to five oceans. 24 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 5 Map Projections Main Idea 2 Cartographers have created map projections to show the round surface of Earth on a flat piece of paper. Mapmakers have different ways of showing a round planet on flat maps. The ways are called map projections. All flat maps are distorted in some way. 25 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 5 Main Idea 2 (continued) There are three main types of map projection. Cylindrical Projections Conic Projections Flat-plane Projections Based on a cylinder Based on a cone placed Based on a plane touching wrapped around the over the globe the globe at one point, globe Where the cone touches such as a pole Landmasses near the the globe, it retains Can show true direction poles appear larger than almost true shape and and area they are. size. Distorts shape Mercator projection is an Useful for showing areas example. with long east-west Useful for navigation dimensions because it shows true direction and shape 26 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 5 Map Features Main Idea 3 Cartographers provide features to help users read maps. To help people read maps, most maps have a title, a compass rose, a scale, and a legend. Title Tells the subject of the map Compass Rose Shows which way north, south, east, and west lie on a map Remember, north isn’t always towards the top of the map. Scale Shows how distances are represented on the map Distances are in miles and kilometers. Use the scale to calculate distances on the map. 27 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 5 Main Idea 3 (continued) Legend Explains the symbols and colors on the map Locator Map Shows where in the world the area on the map is located 28 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 5 Different Kinds of Maps Main Idea 4 There are different kinds of maps for different uses. Political Maps Physical Maps Thematic Maps Show major political Show major physical Focus on a special topic features features Could show climate, Include borders, capital Often include mountains, resources, or population cities, and other places rivers, oceans, and deserts Colors often represent elevation 29 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 5 Earth’s Surface Features Main Idea 5 There are many kinds of landforms and other features on Earth. Geographers have specific names for different physical features. Landforms and water features have names. 30 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 3 31 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Lesson 1 Poster Contest 1) Group 1 : New York – EE UU 2) Group 2 : Amsterdam– Netherlands 3) Group 3 : Buenos Aires – Argentina 4) Group 4 : Quito – Ecuador POSTER CONTEST : Themes of Geography : Break down in 4 groups: Use Google Earth to determine the 5 themes of Geography of the following cities and create a Poster. 32 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Ecuadorian Regions of Ecuador Geography Political Map: Ecuadorian 24 provinces and capitals. Physical Map: Ecuadorian regions (4 Coast, Highlands, Rain Forest, Galapagos Islands), the Andes Mountain Range and Volcanoes (Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Sangay), The Yasuni Reserve, the Daule and Babahoyo Rivers. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CzsBOOecMiQ 33 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World Geography Ecuador 24 Provinces Coast 6 Highlands/Andes 11 Amazon 6 Galapagos 1 34 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company