MAO Inhibitors Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism by which Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) treats movement and affective disorders?

Stimulation of the vagus nerve

Alteration of the brain's electrical impulse patterns

Unknown mechanism (correct)

Stimulation of the nerve cells in the brain

Which of the following is NOT a typical application of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)?

Parkinson's disease (correct)

Treatment-resistant depression

Chronic pain

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

What is the primary difference between Transcranial-Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES)?

TMS uses electrodes on the ear lobes, CES uses a helmet

TMS uses electrical currents, CES uses magnetic fields

TMS treats depression, CES treats anxiety

TMS is invasive, CES is non-invasive (correct)

What is the primary function of the device implanted in the body during Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) therapy?

To stimulate the vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is used to treat essential tremor?

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a non-invasive procedure?

Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is used to treat major depression?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of the electrodes in Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) therapy?

On the ear lobes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vagus nerve in Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) therapy?

To regulate mood Signup and view all the answers

When was Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) first introduced?

1987 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

MAO Inhibitors

Non-selective MAO inhibitors (irreversible): Phenelzine (Nardil®), Isocarboxazid (Marplan®), Tranylcypromine (Parnate®)
Selective MAO-A inhibitors (reversible): Moclobemide (Aurorix®)
Pharmacokinetics: Well absorbed from the GIT, extensive first-pass effects may decrease bioavailability
Therapeutic uses: Treatment of depression unresponsive to other antidepressants, anxiety disorders, and Parkinson's disease
Contraindications: Use with other antidepressants due to risk of serotonin syndrome
Drug switching: Wait 2 weeks after discontinuing another antidepressant before initiating an MAOI, except for Fluoxetine (wait 5-6 weeks)

Atypical Antidepressants

Tetracyclic and unicyclic antidepressants with unique mechanisms of action
Bupropion (Wellbutrin®): Weak norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI), indicated for major depressive disorder, seasonal affective disorder, smoking cessation, and ADHD
Mirtazapine (Remeron®): Blocks presynaptic α2-receptors, enhancing norepinephrine and serotonin release, used for major depressive disorder

Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

Inhibit reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine into the presynaptic neuron
May be effective in depression accompanied by chronic painful symptoms
May produce serotonin syndrome and withdrawal syndrome
Venlafaxine (Effexor®) and Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq®): Potent inhibitors of serotonin reuptake and norepinephrine reuptake at higher doses

Other Treatments

Thyroid hormones: Play a role in cognitive function, mood, and emotions
Buspirone: Used as an augmenting agent
Second-generation antipsychotics: Used as adjustments to antidepressant therapy
Omega-3 fatty acids, folate, and vitamin B: May play a role in certain cases of depression
Combination therapy: Overcomes adverse effects, uses lower doses, and adds therapeutics effects
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): High rates of response and remission, used for refractory depression, depression in pregnancy, and psychotic depression
Medical devices therapy:
- Deep brain stimulation (DBS): Used for treatment-resistant movement and affective disorders
- Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS): Used for treatment-resistant depression
- Transcranial-magnetic stimulation (TMS): Used for treatment-resistant depression
- Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES): Used for anxiety, depression, insomnia, and chronic pain

Description

Test your knowledge on the different types of MAO inhibitors, including non-selective and selective varieties. This quiz covers key medications such as Phenelzine, Isocarboxazid, Tranylcypromine, and Moclobemide. Learn about their classifications and characteristics.