Mannitol Pharmacology Flashcards

What is the pharmacological class of Mannitol (Osmitrol, Resectisol)?

What is the therapeutic class of Mannitol (Osmitrol, Resectisol)?

List one use of Mannitol (Osmitrol, Resectisol).

What is a significant interaction associated with Mannitol (Osmitrol, Resectisol)?

Known allergy is a contraindication for using Mannitol (Osmitrol, Resectisol).

What should be checked before administering Mannitol (Osmitrol, Resectisol)?

What should be monitored when administering Mannitol (Osmitrol, Resectisol)?

What is a potential side effect of Mannitol (Osmitrol, Resectisol)?

What should be done if severe cardiac or renal impairment develops after starting Mannitol (Osmitrol, Resectisol)?

Mannitol Overview

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used under brand names Osmitrol and Resectisol.
Classified as a diuretic and categorized as a Pregnancy Category C drug.

Actions and Uses

Indicated for acute renal failure, high intraocular or intracranial pressure, edema, and drug intoxication.
Functions by prohibiting the reabsorption of water and electrolytes throughout the nephron.
Operates by drawing fluids from interstitial spaces into the bloodstream.

Interactions

Hypokalemia increases the risk of digoxin toxicity, requiring careful monitoring.

Contraindications

Not recommended for individuals with known allergies, severe pulmonary edema, anuria, or significant dehydration.
Use caution with patients who have heart failure issues.

Administration Considerations

Mannitol can crystallize at lower temperatures; must be stored in a warmer environment.
Always administer via IV through a filter to ensure safety and prevent blockage by particles.
Inspect the container for any signs of crystallization before use.

Toxicity and Management

Discontinue treatment if severe cardiac or renal impairment occurs following therapy initiation.

Adverse and Side Effects

Potential side effects include convulsions, thrombophlebitis, pulmonary issues, heart failure, kidney failure, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, increased renal plasma flow and GFR, headaches, chest pain, tachycardia, blurred vision, chills, and fever.

Nursing Considerations

Administer as a continuous IV infusion and utilize a filter needle when drawing from the vial.
Implement a filter in the IV tubing to catch microscopic crystals.
Monitor daily weight, intake and output (I&O), serum electrolytes, and watch for dehydration, acute kidney injury, and edema signs.

Explore the pharmacological and therapeutic classifications of Mannitol (Osmitrol, Resectisol) through this set of flashcards. Learn its uses, including treatment for renal failure and high pressure conditions, and understand its implications in pregnancy. Perfect for medical students and practitioners looking to reinforce their knowledge on osmotic diuretics.