Manifest Destiny and American Expansion
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Questions and Answers

What was Cass's view on the U.S. and the Oregon Territory?

  • He was indifferent about the Oregon Territory.
  • He wanted to abandon claims to the Oregon Territory.
  • He thought the U.S. should have all of the Oregon Territory. (correct)
  • He believed the U.S. should share control with Britain.

What condition did Cass set for the annexation of Canada?

  • The U.S. should engage in a military conflict first.
  • The annexation must be supported by the people of Canada. (correct)
  • The U.S. should await an agreement from Britain.
  • Annexation should occur without any conditions.

What was Cass's stance on the war with Mexico?

  • He was against military intervention in Mexico.
  • He believed the war should end immediately.
  • He wanted to use diplomacy to resolve the conflict.
  • He thought the U.S. should conquer all of Mexico. (correct)

How did Cass perceive the threat from European nations?

<p>He saw them as a potential threat to U.S. territory. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Cass think about military intervention in Yucatan?

<p>Taking military control was necessary when Yucatan faced problems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does liberty mean in the context of the new government created in the United States?

<p>The freedom for citizens to govern themselves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which groups were notably excluded from the rights enjoyed by former colonists?

<p>Enslaved people and indigenous residents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major change occurred to America's size at the end of the Revolutionary War in 1783?

<p>The country doubled in size (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the phrase 'manifest destiny' coined by John O'Sullivan?

<p>It reflected a belief in America’s divine right to expand westward (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was NOT a reason for the U.S. ambition to expand its territory?

<p>The intention to restrict trade routes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After the initial expansion post-Revolutionary War, what happened to the growth of the United States in the following decades?

<p>Growth largely stagnated for a time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best summarizes the belief in manifest destiny?

<p>It was a belief in the inevitable expansion of America guided by divine purpose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major motivation for the United States in acquiring land during the 1840s?

<p>The desire for control of resources and land (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main goals of the Act Making Provision for the Civilization of the Indian Tribes?

<p>To instruct them in agriculture and basic education (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best summarizes President Jackson's perspective on land use?

<p>A civilization should focus on cities and farms rather than forests. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What moral character trait was emphasized in the instructions for those employed to help Indian tribes?

<p>Good moral character (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a focus for educating Indian children?

<p>Civics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'country covered with forests' most likely imply in context?

<p>A place lacking civilization and order (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Act suggest integrating Native American tribes into broader society?

<p>By teaching agricultural and literacy skills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of civilization was cited by President Jackson as valuable?

<p>A stable and prosperous economy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge did President Jackson identify regarding Native American lands?

<p>The presence of wilderness over development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was O'Sullivan's belief regarding the expansion of the United States?

<p>It would naturally occur as settlers occupied new areas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did O'Sullivan view the existing inhabitants of the land?

<p>They were just obstacles to progress. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which territory was gained by the United States after American settlers won independence from Mexico?

<p>Texas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary justification for American settlers moving into Mexico's land, according to O'Sullivan?

<p>To establish new American communities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one notable way the United States expanded its territory before manifesting its destiny?

<p>By negotiating treaties with European powers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the state of the Mexican government that contributed to settlers' success, according to O'Sullivan?

<p>It was disorganized and distant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attitude did the American settlers have towards the land they built in Mexico, as envisioned by O'Sullivan?

<p>They wanted to demand independence from Mexico. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What misconception might people have regarding American expansion during O'Sullivan's time?

<p>It focused on helping existing cultures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of President Polk's main objectives when he took office in 1844?

<p>To expand U.S. territory towards the Pacific Ocean (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the U.S. government justify the annexation of Texas?

<p>By claiming it was acting on behalf of American settlers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a direct consequence of the U.S.-Mexico War?

<p>The U.S. gaining territory that includes the southwestern United States (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How were Native Americans viewed by many Americans during the 1800s?

<p>As obstacles to progress and civilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the U.S. claim when it annexed Texas, which angered Mexico?

<p>U.S. settlers in Texas wanted to join the Union (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did President Polk take after Mexico refused to sell land to the U.S.?

<p>He initiated military actions leading to war (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the public perception of expansion into western territories during the 1800s?

<p>It was viewed as a mission to civilize and modernize the land (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which territory was annexed by negotiation with Great Britain during this period?

<p>Oregon Territory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major technological advancement that contributed to U.S. territorial expansion in the first half of the 1800s?

<p>Telegraphy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the U.S. annexation of Texas in 1845?

<p>It expanded U.S. territory significantly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the U.S. resolve its territorial disputes with Britain in the 1840s?

<p>By negotiating for the Oregon Territory. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common belief among those who supported 'Manifest Destiny'?

<p>The U.S. was destined to expand across the continent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which transportation method replaced horse-drawn carriages during U.S. expansion?

<p>Railroads (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant change in communication technologies by the 1850s?

<p>The introduction of telegraphed messages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the term 'Land Acquisition' refer to during U.S. expansion?

<p>The annexation of territories from Mexico. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area was specifically sought after by the U.S. during territorial expansion?

<p>Oregon Territory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the United States was destined by God to expand across the North American continent.

Equality of Rights

The idea that all citizens should have equal rights, regardless of social class.

Liberty

The freedom for individuals to govern themselves and make choices about their lives.

Divine Purpose

A belief that God had chosen the United States to spread its values and influence.

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American Expansion

The expansion of the United States westward, acquiring territory from other nations.

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Motivations for Expansion

Land, resources, and trade routes were key factors driving American expansion.

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Louisiana Purchase

The Louisiana Purchase, in 1803, doubled the size of the United States.

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Texas Annexation

The debate over Texas joining the U.S. prompted the use of the term 'Manifest Destiny'.

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Who was John O'Sullivan?

John O'Sullivan, a journalist, popularized the term 'Manifest Destiny' in the 1840s, advocating for the expansion of the United States across North America.

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How did John O'Sullivan envision the westward expansion?

O'Sullivan believed that the United States would naturally expand its territory through westward migration and settlement, acquiring new territories from Mexico and other nations.

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What was O'Sullivan's vision for acquiring new territories?

While advocating for expansion, O'Sullivan believed that the U.S. shouldn't just seize land by force. Instead, he envisioned American settlers moving into areas controlled by Mexico (like California), establishing communities based on American ideals, and eventually gaining independence from Mexico.

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What was O'Sullivan's view on Mexico's government?

O'Sullivan believed Mexico was unable to effectively govern its vast territories, making it easier for American settlers to achieve independence.

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How did the real-world expansion differ from O'Sullivan's vision?

The actual process of westward expansion was not always peaceful or smooth as O'Sullivan envisioned. The acquisition of new territories involved conflicts with Native American tribes and Mexico.

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How did the U.S. typically acquire new territory before Manifest Destiny?

Previously, the U.S. had gained territory through agreements with European nations and treaties with Native Americans. The acquisition of Texas from Mexico in 1836 was an exception, as American settlers had already won independence from Mexico.

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What was the impact of Manifest Destiny on US relations with its neighbors?

The concept of Manifest Destiny contributed to conflicts and political tensions, shaping the dynamic between the U.S. and its neighbors, especially Mexico.

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Expansionism

A policy or attitude emphasizing territorial expansion and the belief in the inherent superiority of one's nation.

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Mexican Cession

The transfer of land from Mexico to the United States as a result of the Mexican-American War.

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Adams-Onis Treaty

The acquisition of Florida from Spain in 1819, solidifying U.S. control of the southeastern region.

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Annexation

The process of adding new territory to an existing country, often through purchase, conquest, or treaty.

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Oregon Territory

The disputed territory in the Pacific Northwest, eventually divided between the United States and Great Britain in 1846.

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Annexation of Texas

The United States acquired Texas in 1845, adding a significant area to its southwestern territory.

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Impact of Technology on Expansion

Technological advancements, such as steamboats, railroads, and telegraphs, played a crucial role in facilitating and speeding up United States expansion.

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Mexican-American War

The conflict between the United States and Mexico, primarily over the disputed territory of Texas, leading to the U.S. gaining significant land.

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Western Frontier

The region of land in the west of the United States that was sparsely populated but rich in resources, attracting settlers and leading to conflict with Native Americans.

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Native American Displacement

The displacement of Indigenous people from their lands through various means, including force, treaty violations, and disease.

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Native Americans as 'Uncivilized'

The perspective that Native Americans were considered primitive and uncivilized by many Americans in the 1800s, justifying their displacement and dispossession.

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Bringing Civilization

The process of bringing civilization and development to a region, often accompanied by the displacement of indigenous populations and the exploitation of resources.

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What did people value more?

People believed it was a good thing to replace forests and Native American communities with cities, towns and farms.

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Civilizing Native Americans

The act of making something culturally similar to the dominant society by introducing its customs, beliefs and ways of life.

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Educating Native Americans

The process of teaching Native Americans about farming, reading, writing, and arithmetic.

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Native American Cultures Seen as Inferior

The belief that Native American cultures and ways of life were inferior to those of European settlers.

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Forced Relocation

The removal of Native American tribes from their lands and forced movement to different locations.

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Cultural Assimilation

The process of changing Native American culture to fit a European-based society.

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Taking Over Territory

The idea that the U.S. should acquire land from other nations, even through war, believing it was in their best interest.

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Military Expansionism

A policy of expanding a nation's territory through the use of force.

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Study Notes

American Progress Painting

  • Depicts American Progress, painted by John Gast in 1872
  • Shows a female figure representing America, progressing westward
  • Shows settlers, wagons, and Native Americans
  • Shows the idea of Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny

  • Belief that the United States was destined to expand across the continent
  • Driven by the idea of freedom, democracy, and American exceptionalism
  • Led to westward expansion, displacement of Native Americans, and war with Mexico
  • O'Sullivan coined the term "Manifest Destiny"
  • Some believed it was inevitable and divinely ordained

Expansion of the United States

  • Territory gained through treaties, war, and purchase
  • Key dates and events are documented for each acquisition
  • Increased size of the U.S. significantly through various means

Technology and Expansion

  • Improvements in transportation like steamboats, railroads, and communication technologies
  • Telegraphs and large-scale printing presses contributed to fast sharing of messages and news
  • These advancements fueled rapid territorial expansion

Political Beliefs of Candidates

  • Political cartoons often exaggerate candidates' views
  • Lewis Cass's views on Manifest Destiny and territorial expansion are portrayed in a cartoon
  • The cartoon shows criticisms of his views

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Description

Explore the historical context and cultural significance behind the painting 'American Progress' by John Gast, which symbolizes the concept of Manifest Destiny. This quiz delves into the various aspects of westward expansion, technological advancements, and the impact on Native Americans, providing insight into America's drive for territorial growth.

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