Management Theories in Nursing

Management Theories and Concepts

• The presentation is about management theories and concepts, specifically in nursing.
• The presenter is Assoc. Prof. Charuwan Tadadej RN., Ph.D., SFHEA.
• Topics covered include an overview of management theories, key functions of management, and the management role/responsibility in healthcare.

Learning Objectives

• Students will be able to explain the basic concepts of key management theories after the session.
• They will also identify key functions of management in healthcare and summarize the management roles and responsibilities in healthcare.

Contents

• Overview of management theories
• Key function of Management
• Management role and responsibility in Healthcare

Activity 1: What is Nursing?

• Students are divided into groups of two to answer the question "What is Nursing?"
• Each group has 5 minutes to discuss and summarize their answer.
• Groups then share their summaries for 1 minute each.
• The session totals 10 minutes.

Key Function Public Health Administration

• Promoting population health
• Preventive service
• Healthcare Service (medical care, rehabilitation, hospitals, primary care, etc.)
• Resource mobilization (human resources, non-human resources, technology, time)
• Education and training

Overview of Management Theories (Evolution of Management)

• Classical Approach
• Contemporary Approach

Classical Approach

• Systematic management
• Scientific management
• Administrative Management
• Human relations
• Bureaucracy

Contemporary Approach

• Quantitative management
• Organizational behavior
• System theory
• Contingency perspective

Classical Approach: Key Concepts

Systematic Management:

• Systematized manufacturing organizations
• Coordination of procedures and processes built into internal operations
• Output from people

Scientific Management:

• Analyzed work using scientific methods to determine the "one best way" to complete production tasks.
• Emphasized the study of tasks, selection, and training of workers, and cooperation between workers and management.

Administrative Management: Key concepts (Five Function POC3)

• Planning (strategic, operational, tactical plans)
• Organizing (resource allocation)
• Commanding (orders)
• Coordinating (working with others)
• Controlling (output appraisal)

Administrative Management: 14 Principles

• Division of work
• Authority
• Discipline
• Unity of command
• Unity of direction
• Subordination of individual interest to general interest
• Remuneration
• Centralization
• Scalar chain
• Order
• Equity
• Stability of personnel
• Initiative
• Esprit de corps

Human Relations

• Productivity and employee behavior are influenced by the informal work group.
• Cohesion, status, and group norms determine output.
• Managers should stress employee welfare, motivation, and communication.
• Social needs are prioritized over economic needs.

Bureaucracy

• Formal network of relationships among specialized positions in an organization.
• Rules and regulations standardize behavior.
• Jobs staffed by trained specialists who follow rules.
• Hierarchy defines the relationship among jobs.

Contemporary Approaches:

Quantitative Management

• Application of quantitative analysis to management decisions.

Organizational Behavior

• Promote employee effectiveness through understanding of individual, group, and organizational processes.
• Stresses relationships among employees, managers, and the work performance for the organization.
• Assumes employees want to work and can control themselves (Theory Y).

System Theory

• Organization is viewed as an open system in which management must interact with the environment to gather inputs and return outputs of its production.
• Organization objectives must encompass both efficiency and effectiveness.
• Organizations contain subsystems, and there are many avenues to the same outcome.
• Synergies exist where the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.

Contingency Perspective

• Situational contingencies influence the strategies, structures, and processes resulting in high performance.
• There is more than one way to reach a goal.
• Managers may adapt their organizations to the situation.

Key Function of Management

• The process of management includes planning, selecting goals and ways to attain them, leading, motivating employees, organizing, and assigning responsibility, and controlling activities and correcting mistakes.
• The key aspects of resources are human, financial, raw materials, technological, and information.
• Key aspects of performance include attaining goals, producing products and services, efficiency, effectiveness, quality, and resource use.

Management Role and Responsibility in Healthcare

• Job of management includes setting goals, organizing activities, motivating and communicating, measuring performance, developing people.
• The presentation emphasized the interconnected nature of management functions, suggesting it is challenging to differentiate the individual parts.

Administration vs Management

• Administration focuses on obtaining objectives and establishing policies, while management focuses on efficiently reaching organizational goals.
• Admin is the establishment of goals; Management is the reaching of those goals.

Concepts of Management

• Processes, people working together, target and objective/results, resources, efficiency, effectiveness, planning/organizing/leading/controlling.

What do Management Do?

• Setting objectives
• Organizing
• Motivating and communicating
• Measuring standards
• Developing people

The Functions of Management

• Management involves controlling, guiding, planning, making decisions, motivating, leading, and carrying out various functions to achieve goals and objectives efficiently and effectively.
• Management functions are interconnected and differentiating between them is subjective.

Four Functions of Management

• Planning involves decision-making.
• Organizing involves coordination between planning and resources.
• Leading involves motivating employees.
• Controlling involves monitoring and evaluation.

Reflection

• Students will reflect on what they learned during the session.
• Individual students will have 1 minute to share their reflections.

This quiz covers essential management theories and concepts within the nursing field. Students will explore key functions of management and their roles in healthcare, enhancing their understanding of how these concepts apply to nursing practice. Engage with foundational ideas that shape effective healthcare management.