Management Systems Overview

Management Systems

• Domain II is about management systems.
• Theory X: Workers are not interested in their jobs and need to be forced to do them.
• Theory Y: Workers are interested in their jobs and willing to take responsibility.
• Scientific Management Theory: Taylor's theory for maximizing work efficiency by breaking tasks down into sub-tasks.
• Administrative Theory: Fayol's theory for optimizing worker-management interaction to boost productivity.
• Bureaucratic Management Theory: Max Weber's theory of efficiency, but also acknowledging the downsides of solely relying on technology, not considering emotional factors.
• Human Relations Theory: Workers want to be part of a supportive team, and feeling valued by the management improves their work.
• OSHA Incidence Rates: Measure of past company performance, showing employees per 100 full-time workers involved in injuries or illnesses.
• Pearson product moment correlation coefficient: Measures strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. Values are between -1 and +1, with values closer to ±1 indicating stronger relationships.
• Coefficient of determination (r²): Explained variation ratio to total variation; measures how well a variable explains another one.
• Example: A company collected data on unsafe conditions, unsafe acts, and the number of incidents in four plants. The correlation coefficient was very close to +1. This meant a nearly perfect positive linear relationship between the aspects.
• Engineering Economy: The future value of an initial investment (F) is calculated from Present value (P) with interest rate (i) and time (n) as, F = P(1+i)ⁿ.
• Uniform Series Present and Future worth Factor: Formula for calculating P, the present worth of a series of future payments (or F, the future worth of a uniform series) to be received (or paid). Formulae given to calculate these factors.
• System Safety Techniques: Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA), What If analysis, Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), Event Tree Analysis (ETA), Failure Modes Effect and Criticality Analysis (FMECA), and Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
• Reliability Engineering: Reliability is the probability that a system, component, or device will perform without failure for a specified period of specified operating conditions. The hazard rate refers to the number of failures observed per unit time. The failure curve shows a graph of reliability versus time.
• Series reliability: The failure of any component leads to system failure. Rsystem = R₁ × R₂ × Rₙ (where R₁ and Rₙ are individual reliablities).
• Parallel reliability: All components must fail for the system to fail: Rsystem = 1 - (1 - R₁) (1 - R₂) ... (1 - Rₙ).
• Common unreliability causes: Design mistakes, manufacturing defects, maintenance issues, exceeding design limits, and environmental factors.
• Frequency of failures (hazard rate): The number of failures per hour of operation, often used in calculating mean time between failures (MTBF).
• Globally Harmonized System (GHS): A standardized system for classifying and communicating chemical hazards globally.
• Hazard Groups: Physical hazards (explosives, flammable gases), health hazards (acute toxicity), environmental hazards (hazardous to aquatic environment).
• Selected Pictograms (GHS): Graphics representing hazards (explosive material, flammable material, oxidizing agent).
• Example Questions: Questions on various techniques focused on hazard analysis, techniques to analyze possible events, and steps related to fault tree analysis.

This quiz covers various management theories including Theory X and Theory Y, as well as insights into the Scientific Management Theory and Administrative Theory. Explore how these theories impact worker management interaction and productivity, alongside the role of OSHA in measuring workplace safety. Test your knowledge on important management concepts and their applications.