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Questions and Answers
What was a primary focus of Frederick Winslow Taylor's scientific management?
What was a primary focus of Frederick Winslow Taylor's scientific management?
Which principle emphasizes that each worker should have only one direct superior?
Which principle emphasizes that each worker should have only one direct superior?
Which of the following individuals is known for applying mathematical approaches to management problems?
Which of the following individuals is known for applying mathematical approaches to management problems?
What major system did Harrington Emerson develop to improve production processes?
What major system did Harrington Emerson develop to improve production processes?
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What is the key benefit of 'Division of Work' according to Fayol's principles?
What is the key benefit of 'Division of Work' according to Fayol's principles?
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What was a notable aspect of Henry Ford's production philosophy?
What was a notable aspect of Henry Ford's production philosophy?
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Which principle signifies that the goals of the organization must take precedence over individual interests?
Which principle signifies that the goals of the organization must take precedence over individual interests?
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Which of the following was a standard practice introduced by Henry Ford in his factories?
Which of the following was a standard practice introduced by Henry Ford in his factories?
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What is a key characteristic of bureaucratic structures according to Max Weber?
What is a key characteristic of bureaucratic structures according to Max Weber?
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Which of the following best describes the primary focus of the Behavioral Management Perspective?
Which of the following best describes the primary focus of the Behavioral Management Perspective?
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Which of the following concepts is MOST closely associated with Elton Mayo's Hawthorne Studies?
Which of the following concepts is MOST closely associated with Elton Mayo's Hawthorne Studies?
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According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which level must be satisfied first?
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which level must be satisfied first?
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What is one of the principles of the Systems Perspective in management?
What is one of the principles of the Systems Perspective in management?
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Douglas McGregor is known for which management theory concept?
Douglas McGregor is known for which management theory concept?
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In the context of management science, what does Operations Management primarily focus on?
In the context of management science, what does Operations Management primarily focus on?
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The Contingency Perspective in management emphasizes that:
The Contingency Perspective in management emphasizes that:
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Study Notes
Evolution of Management
- Robert Owen (1771-1858): Important figure in the early development of management thought. Emphasized the importance of human resources and worker welfare in textile industry.
- Charles Babbage (1792-1871): Applied mathematics to management problems, focusing on creating efficiencies in production.
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Classical Management Perspective: Focused on improving individual worker performance.
- Scientific Management: Strived to improve performance through:
- Selecting, training, and developing workers
- Frederick Winslow Taylor: Key contributor to scientific management.
- Frank and Lillian Gilbreth: Developed motion study techniques to enhance efficiency.
- Techniques (motion study): For improving efficiency in tasks.
- Emerson Efficiency system: Standardised working conditions, tasks, time, and motion studies, and bonus plans to improve worker compensation.
- Henry Ford: Focused on mass production, assembly lines, standards, and high wages (five 8hr days weekly).
- Classical Organization Theory: Emphasized managing the entire organization in contrast to individuals.
Classical Organization Theory
- 5 Management Functions: Planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.
- Fayol 14 principles of management:
- Division of Work: Specialization leads to expertise and productivity.
- Authority: The power, right, and responsibility to give orders.
- Discipline: Employees must obey and managers must provide good leadership for obedience.
- Unity of command: Each employee should have one boss.
- Unity of direction: Common goals for the organization.
- Subordination of individual interests: Organizational goals are prioritized over individual interests.
Behavioural Management Perspective
- Max Weber: Bureaucratic structures eliminate variability, allowing large organizations to handle routine activities and implement impartial rules.
- People should be treated impartially.
- Individual attitudes and behaviors are important.
- Human relations movement: Recognizing the importance of human relations within an organization.
- Organizational behavior: Study of the behavior of people in organizations.
- Parker Follett: Observed the importance of human behavior; self-managed groups and knowledge sharing.
Hawthorne Studies
- Elton Mayo: Conducted studies on workplace behavior effects.
- Illumination study: Investigated how lighting affects worker performance.
- Workplace lighting adjustments: Effects on worker performance.
- Interview program: Showed the importance of human behaviour in workplaces.
- Bank wiring observation room program: Investigated the impact of social norms and group dynamics on worker output.
- Hawthorne effect: Workers perform better when monitored.
Abraham Maslow
- Hierarchy of needs: Employees are motivated by a hierarchy of needs (physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization) that they seek to satisfy in the workplace.
Quantitative Management Perspective
- Focus on decision-making, economic effectiveness, and using mathematical models/computers for problem-solving.
- Management Science: Develop mathematical models to assist with decision-making.
- Linear programming, game theory, probability theory.
- Application of management science: To improve production and distribution.
Systems Perspective
- **Input, Transformation, Output:**External resources, products/services, Technology, and stakeholder satisfaction.
Contingency Perspective
- Unique organizational needs: Each organization needs a unique approach based on its current situation.
Quality Control
- Quality control, total quality management.
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Description
Explore the key figures and theories that shaped the evolution of management. This quiz covers influential individuals like Robert Owen, Frederick Taylor, and the Classical Management Perspective. Test your knowledge on scientific management practices and advancements in worker efficiency.
