Evolution of Management Theories and Contributions

<p>Emerson Efficiency system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specialization leading to enhanced productivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishment of assembly lines for mass production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subordination of Individual Interests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paying workers $5 per day (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They eliminate variability in routine activities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individual attitudes and behaviors in an organizational context. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The impact of workplace lighting on performance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological needs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organizations interact with external resources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theory X and Theory Y. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The application of management science to production. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organizational management should adapt to unique situations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Focuses on improving individual worker performance through methods like selection, training, and development. This approach aims to maximize efficiency by optimizing each worker's skills and contributions.

Applying mathematics to management problems to achieve efficiency and effectiveness. This involves using quantitative methods for decision-making and problem-solving.

Enhancing efficiency through motion study, identifying and eliminating unnecessary movements in work processes. This approach focuses on optimizing physical actions for quicker and smoother workflow.

A management theory that focuses on the overall organization rather than individuals. It emphasizes planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling the various aspects of a business.

Specialization of tasks creates expertise and increases individual productivity. This principle emphasizes the division of labor for efficiency gains.

The right to give orders and take responsibility for their execution. A manager with authority has the power to direct and guide subordinates effectively.

Employees must obey rules and instructions, but this requires good leadership from management to create a fair and respectful environment.

Each employee should report to only one boss, avoiding conflicting orders and confusion. This ensures clear lines of command and accountability.

A management perspective that emphasizes the importance of individual attitudes and behaviors, focusing on how to motivate and manage employees effectively.

A management perspective that emphasizes the use of mathematical models and quantitative techniques to aid decision-making, improve efficiency, and solve complex problems.

The idea that the performance of workers can be influenced by their awareness of being observed. Workers may work harder and more efficiently when they know they are being watched.

A set of management practices and techniques aimed at achieving high levels of quality in products and services. It focuses on customer satisfaction, continuous improvement, and employee empowerment.

A management approach that assumes the best way to manage an organization depends on the specific circumstances and context of the situation. There is no one-size-fits-all solution.

A management perspective that views organizations as open systems, interacting with their external environment and transforming inputs into outputs. This approach emphasizes the interconnectedness of internal and external components.

A management approach that stresses the importance of structuring organizations in a rational, efficient, and predictable way. Bureaucracies are characterized by clear hierarchies, defined rules, and standardized procedures.

A hierarchy of needs that motivates individuals. This theory suggests that individuals are motivated by a series of needs, starting with basic physiological needs and progressing towards self-actualization.