Intro to Med Surg Wk4

<p>Fatigue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining a patent airway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preoperative teaching (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Support alternative communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Literacy level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promote positive body image (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upper respiratory infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Managed with over-the-counter medications and rest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early detection and appropriate interventions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute sinusitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Older adults (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anterior septum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cauterization with silver nitrate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Airway compromise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seek medical attention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoid tobacco use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vital signs and pulse oximetry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High humidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute otitis media (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treatment usually lasts for 6 to 12 months. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify individuals who have been exposed to TB. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitoring the effectiveness of analgesics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ghon tubercle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low-grade fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chest x-ray (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dyspnea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Empyema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is worse on inspiration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corticosteroids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restlessness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining patency of the tracheostomy tube (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Empyema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased breath sounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corticosteroids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mediastinoscopy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treating the underlying cause (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tracheal stenosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To remove air and fluid from the pleural space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treating the condition with medication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absence of an elevated left atrial pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only when adventitious breath sounds or copious secretions are present (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cigarette smoke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased mobility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suctioning only when excessive secretions are present (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitoring vital signs and managing complications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining a patent airway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multidrug-resistant organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encouraging deep breathing exercises (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>48 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Educating staff on alarm response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide different levels of pressure during inhalation and exhalation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Healthy lifestyle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent repositioning of the patient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing health education and advocacy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barotrauma and pneumothorax (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sudden onset of chills and fever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining a patent airway and optimal gas exchange (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chest x-ray (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using nonverbal communication methods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pneumococcal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatigue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encouraging deep breathing exercises (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhalation of foreign material (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of consciousness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keeping the head of the bed elevated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consumption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Airborne transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Often occurs in the post-operative setting. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever and chills. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The location where the infection is acquired. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting frequent coughing and deep breathing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incentive spirometer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased breath sounds and crackles in one lung field. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encouraging rest and complete medication courses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase lung volume and expand alveoli. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute atelectasis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administering oxygen therapy as prescribed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It aims to increase oxygen supply to tissues and cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen toxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using the lowest effective oxygen concentration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Instructing them on the proper use of their inhalers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sudden decrease in oxygen saturation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substernal discomfort and dyspnea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encouraging them to use complementary therapies such as aromatherapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Is designed for lower concentrations of oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Worsening condition requiring intervention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Safety measures for administration should be considered (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It delivers high levels of supplemental oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent monitoring of peak flow rates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormal inflammatory response leading to airflow obstruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A disease characterized by reduced ciliary function and persistent cough (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causes scar tissue formation leading to airway narrowing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased susceptibility to respiratory infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thickened vessel lining and vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clear ciliary function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They assist in destroying foreign pathogens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular vaccinations against respiratory infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory insufficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess lung capacity and function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cystic Fibrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diaphoresis and wheezing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bronchodilators (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucolytics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevent further lung damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cough with purulent sputum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barrel chest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduce airway inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Common illnesses that affect the upper respiratory tract, such as the common cold.

Acute inflammation of the nasal cavity, typically self-limiting.

Includes nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat, and malaise.

URIs are often treated in doctor's offices, urgent care, and at home.

Focus on educating patients to prevent URIs and promote health.

Airborne toxins inhaled by non-smokers from smoking products.

Patients should avoid alcohol, tobacco, and secondhand smoke.

Headache, cough, hoarseness, fever, and fatigue are signs of URI.

Ensure airway is clear and minimize aspiration risk.

Include elevation of the head and hydration support.

Assess for patent airway, pain relief, and hydration status.

Instruct on hand washing and completing antibiotic regimens.

Evaluate health history and psychosocial factors pre-surgery.

Risk of respiratory distress, infection, and aspiration.

Encourage alternative communication methods after surgery.

Hemorrhage from the nose, often from the anterior septum.

The anterior septum is the most common site for nosebleeds.

Includes pinching the nose, using phenylephrine, cauterization, and packing.

Focus on monitoring vitals, reducing anxiety, and educating patients to avoid nasal trauma.

Upper Respiratory Infections, including rhinitis, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis.

Can include airway obstruction, sepsis, and dysphagia.

Inflammation of the pharynx, often caused by infection.

Advise to avoid smoking, spicy foods, and forceful blowing.

Small clusters of immune cells formed in response to infection, like TB.

A calcified mass formed when TB bacteria become dormant in the lungs.

A method to check for TB infection through intradermal injection.

The first 8 weeks of TB treatment where multiple medications are used.

When dormant TB bacteria become active again, leading to infection.

Closure or collapse of alveoli, can be acute or chronic.

Most common type, often occurs postoperatively.

Symptoms include dyspnea, cough, and sputum production.

Characterized by increased work of breathing and hypoxemia.

Focus on improving ventilation and removing secretions.

Inflammation of the trachea's mucous membranes, often from a virus.

Starts with a dry cough, may progress to wheezing and purulent sputum.

Inflammation of lung tissue caused by microorganisms.

Types include community-acquired, healthcare-associated, and hospital-acquired.

Includes antibiotics, analgesics, hydration, and bronchial hygiene.

Pneumonia can be classified as hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated.

Develops after 48 hours of hospitalization and often caused by resistant organisms.

Occurs in patients on mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours, prevention is crucial.

Includes underlying diseases like heart failure, diabetes, COPD, and AIDS.

Symptoms vary by type and include chills, fever, and respiratory distress.

Involves history, physical exam, chest x-ray, and sputum examination.

Includes pneumococcal vaccination and healthy habits to reduce incidence.

Use appropriate antibiotics, supportive treatments, and manage symptoms.

Can range from asymptomatic to severe, including fatigue and respiratory distress.

Caused by inhaling foreign material, leading to inflammation and infection.

Includes keeping head elevated and screening swallowing ability.

May lead to sepsis, respiratory failure, and delirium.

Goals include improved airway, hydration, and knowledge of care.

Common causes include pneumocystis, fungi, and tuberculosis.

Suctioning should only occur when needed, not every 4 hours.

Device that assists with ventilation and oxygenation over time.

Ventilation method using masks to avoid intubation.

Noninvasive ventilatory support for sleep apnea patients.

Ventilation providing two pressure levels for inhalation and exhalation.

Systematic evaluation of patients and equipment during ventilation.

Potential issues include infections, barotrauma, and delirium.

Actions to ensure gas exchange and prevent complications.

Methods to clear the airway, such as suctioning or CPT.

Protocols to prevent infection in ventilated patients.

Desensitization to alarms causing slow nurse response, especially in ICUs.

Severe lung condition with high mortality; causes pulmonary edema and dyspnea.

Lung damage from inhaling dust, includes asbestosis and silicosis.

Leading cancer death cause in the U.S., primarily from smoking.

Manage pain, symptoms, provide psychological support for lung cancer patients.

Preoperative includes airway clearance and anxiety relief; postoperative involves monitoring.

Includes blunt trauma (rib fractures) and penetrating trauma.

Device to remove air/fluid from pleural space; prevents air reentry.

Eruption of air in the pleural space causing lung collapse.

Mismatch between ventilation and perfusion, often seen in ARDS.

A localized collection of pus in the lung, often due to bacterial pneumonia.

Includes cough with foul sputum, dyspnea, and weight loss.

Diagnosed via chest x-ray, sputum culture, and bronchoscopy.

An inflammatory disease impacting multiple systems, often with unknown cause.

May include cough, dyspnea, fatigue, and weight loss.

Confirmed through chest x-rays, CT scans, and biopsies.

Inflammation of pleural layers causing sharp chest pain with breathing.

Fluid accumulation in the pleural space, often from infections or heart failure.

Accumulation of thick, pus-like fluid in pleural space, often a pneumonia complication.

Sudden inability to maintain adequate gas exchange in lungs.

Involves intubation, mechanical ventilation, and nutritional support.

Placement of a tube to maintain airway and allow ventilation.

Surgical creation of an opening in the trachea for ventilation.

Includes monitoring, suctioning, and patient education on care.

Includes drainage, chest physiotherapy, and antimicrobial therapy.

A high-flow oxygen delivery system that provides precise, but low concentrations of oxygen (less than 30%).

A severe and persistent asthma exacerbation that does not respond to standard treatment, often requiring hospitalization.

Increasing PaCO2 levels indicate worsening respiratory function in status asthmaticus, not improvement.

Instructions for safe administration of oxygen at home, including understanding types and humidity needs.

A method for patients with asthma to measure lung function and monitor their condition.

A progressive respiratory disease causing airflow obstruction, often due to chronic bronchitis or emphysema.

A condition characterized by a cough and sputum production lasting for at least 3 months in two consecutive years.

COPD is associated with chronic inflammation due to harmful particles or gases leading to tissue damage.

Scar tissue in airways narrows them, reducing airflow and causing difficulty in breathing.

In chronic bronchitis, alveolar macrophages become less effective, increasing infection risk.

Thickened vessel lining and muscle hypertrophy in lungs due to chronic inflammation in COPD.

Patients with chronic bronchitis are more prone to respiratory infections due to diminished macrophage function.

Involves progressive airflow limitation linked to abnormal inflammatory responses and tissue damage.

Chronic cough, sputum production, and dyspnea characterize COPD.

A chest shape associated with COPD due to air trapping.

Includes respiratory failure, pneumonia, and cor pulmonale among others.

Tests that measure lung function, critical for assessing COPD.

Involves smoking cessation, risk reduction, and vaccinations.

Medications that open the airways in COPD treatment.

A chronic dilation of the bronchi often caused by infections or blockages.

Chronic cough, copious purulent sputum, and finger clubbing.

A chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by hyperresponsiveness.

Episodes of worsening symptoms such as coughing and wheezing.

Includes quick-relief and long-acting medications to control symptoms.

A genetic disorder leading to thick mucus and chronic infections in lungs.

Focuses on controlling infections and airway clearance techniques.

Educate on trigger avoidance and inhaler use techniques.

Rinsing the mouth after using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with corticosteroid prevents thrush.

Common factors include tobacco smoke, older age, pollution, and genetics.

Provides oxygen greater than 21% to improve blood transport and reduce breathing effort.

Hypoxia is low oxygen in tissues; hypoxemia is low oxygen in blood.

Symptoms of oxygen toxicity include dyspnea, discomfort, and fatigue at high concentrations.

Common devices include nasal cannula, masks, and transtracheal catheters.

Includes smoking cessation, medication use, and breathing exercises for better health.

Prevention involves careful handling of chest tubes and monitoring lung sounds.