30 Questions
What is the most severe threat posed by diarrhea?
Dehydration
In infants, what increases the likelihood that severe dehydration will develop?
Fever and vomiting
What symptom is an indication for referral when present in stools?
Mucus
Why should the pharmacist question the patient about whether other family members or friends are suffering from the same symptoms?
To identify a potential infection source
What can predispose to dehydration during an episode of diarrhea?
Reduced fluid intake
Which symptom may be associated with acute diarrhea infection besides watery stools?
Fever
Which of the following statements about diarrhea is true?
It is associated with perianal discomfort, urgency, and incontinence.
Which of the following drugs can cause diarrhea?
Antineoplastics
What should you consider when managing diarrhea in infants?
Infants with diarrhea lasting longer than 1 day should be referred to a doctor.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a cause of diarrhea in the text?
Viral infections
Which of the following statements about acute diarrhea is true?
Most cases of diarrhea will be acute and self-limiting.
Which age group is at a higher risk of dehydration due to diarrhea?
The very young and the very old
Which of the following is NOT a causal organism for diarrhea mentioned in the text?
Salmonella
What is the typical duration of diarrhea caused by the organisms mentioned in the text?
From hours to weeks
Which of the following is NOT recommended as a treatment for diarrhea caused by the organisms mentioned in the text?
Anti-diarrheal medications
What percentage of cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea are due to Clostridium difficile?
25%
Which of the following statements about Clostridium difficile is NOT true according to the text?
It is the sole cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
Which of the following complications of Clostridium difficile infection is NOT mentioned in the text?
Kidney failure
What is the recommended duration for referring diarrhea in children under 1 year of age?
Greater than 1 day
Which of the following foods should be avoided during bouts of diarrhea?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a reason for referral in cases of diarrhea?
Diarrhea lasting less than 1 day in children under 1 year
What is the first line of treatment for acute diarrhea?
Oral rehydration therapy
Which of the following beverages should be avoided during diarrhea episodes?
Caffeine-containing beverages
What is the recommended treatment approach for severe dehydration due to diarrhea?
Immediate hospital admission for urgent fluid and electrolyte replacement
What is the primary mechanism of action of loperamide?
Reducing propulsive peristalsis and increasing intestinal transit time by binding to opiate receptors in the gut wall
Why does loperamide have minimal or no euphoric or analgesic effects?
Loperamide is poorly absorbed systemically and has limited penetration into the central nervous system
What is the recommended management strategy for infectious diarrhea, in addition to loperamide?
All of the above
What is the primary mechanism of action of adsorbents, such as pectin and kaolin, in the treatment of diarrhea?
Physically adsorbing water, bacteria, and toxins in the gut
Why are adsorbents, such as pectin and kaolin, not recommended for use in children under 12 years old?
They are not absorbed systemically and therefore produce few adverse effects
What is the conclusion from the systematic review on the use of probiotics in the treatment of infectious diarrhea?
More research is needed before recommendations can be made to guide the use of probiotics in the treatment of infectious diarrhea
Learn about the management of diarrhea using non-prescription drugs and parapharmaceuticals in this quiz by Dr. Rawan Abudalo from the Department of Clinical Pharmacy at Hashemite University. Understand the WHO definition of diarrhea and its associated symptoms.
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