Management of Diabetes: Non-Insulin Therapies Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) range for diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

  • 100-125 mg/dL (correct)
  • 120-140 mg/dL
  • 90-110 mg/dL
  • 130-150 mg/dL

    • What is the HbA1c level that indicates prediabetes?

  • 5.7% (correct)
  • 6.5%
  • 4.9%
  • 6.0%

    • Which postprandial oral glucose tolerance test result indicates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

  • 200-250 mg/dL (correct)
  • 250-300 mg/dL
  • 100-120 mg/dL
  • 140-199 mg/dL

    • What is a limitation of using HbA1c for diagnosing diabetes?

    <p>It is not affected by conditions that may shorten the lifespan of red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To minimize hypoglycemia and weight gain in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients, which class of medications like Empagliflozin belong to?

    <p>SGLT2 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical decrease in A1c when using SGLT2-i as monotherapy?

    <p>~0.5-1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following SGLT2-i has the maximum daily dose that depends on GFR?

    <p>Canagliflozin (Invokana®)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medication should be avoided in combination with DPP4i for T2DM treatment?

    <p>GLP1 RA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is most effective for minimizing weight gain or promoting weight loss in T2DM treatment?

    <p>GLP1 RA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class should be considered first for minimizing cost in T2DM treatment?

    <p>SU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended HbA1c level for diagnosing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)?

    <p>6.5% or higher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the limitations of using HbA1c for diagnosing T2DM?

    <p>It does not provide information about daily blood glucose fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications for T2DM has been shown to have cardiovascular benefits?

    <p>SGLT2 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary treatment goals for T2DM?

    <p>Reducing the risk of complications and improving quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can hypoglycemia and weight gain be minimized in the treatment of T2DM?

    <p>By prescribing medications that cause weight loss and have a low risk of hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main diagnostic criterion for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

    <p>Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a limitation of using HbA1c for diabetes management?

    <p>HbA1c testing is expensive and time-consuming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications for T2DM primarily targets the kidneys to reduce glucose levels in the blood?

    <p>Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment goal for T2DM, according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA)?

    <p>Reduce the risk of long-term complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following strategies can help minimize hypoglycemia and weight gain in T2DM patients?

    <p>Combining lifestyle changes with medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided combining with DPP4 inhibitors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) treatment?

    <p>GLP1 receptor agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is most effective for minimizing weight gain or promoting weight loss in T2DM treatment?

    <p>SGLT2 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of using HbA1c for diagnosing diabetes?

    <p>It does not reflect blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which SGLT2 inhibitor has the dosing regimen of 5-10 mg daily in the morning?

    <p>Dapagliflozin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment goal for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients according to the American Diabetes Association?

    <p>Achieve glycemic control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic criterion is essential for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) diagnosis besides HbA1c?

    <p>Fasting plasma glucose test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment goal for minimizing hypoglycemia and weight gain in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

    <p>Decrease FPG levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications for T2DM primarily targets the kidneys to reduce glucose levels in the blood?

    <p>Sulfonylureas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a limitation of using HbA1c for diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

    <p>It can be affected by conditions that shorten red blood cell lifespan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criteria are used to diagnose Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) based on random blood glucose levels?

    <p>&gt;126 mg/dL with symptoms of hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fasting plasma glucose (FPG) range indicates a diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

    <p>&gt;140 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should testing be performed for patients with normal results to check for prediabetes, according to the guidelines?

    <p>Every 3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications is most effective for minimizing hypoglycemia and weight gain in T2DM treatment?

    <p>Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment goal for T2DM, according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA)?

    <p>Achieving an HbA1c level below 7.0% with minimal weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following SGLT2 inhibitors has the maximum daily dose that depends on GFR?

    <p>Canagliflozin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended HbA1c level for diagnosing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)?

    <p>6.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary treatment goals for T2DM?

    <p>Achieving an HbA1c level below 6.5% with minimal hypoglycemia and weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of using HbA1c for diagnosing diabetes?

    <p>HbA1c is not reliable in patients with hemoglobinopathies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment goal in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) for minimizing hypoglycemia and weight gain?

    <p>Consider GLP1 RA as add-on therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is most suitable for minimizing weight gain or promoting weight loss in T2DM treatment without established ASCVD, CKD, or HF?

    <p>SGLT2 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of utilizing HbA1c in the management of T2DM?

    <p>Reflects only recent glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion besides HbA1c that is essential for diagnosing T2DM?

    <p>Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For patients with T2DM not at goal, and considering minimizing cost without established ASCVD, CKD, or HF, which medication class should be avoided?

    <p>SU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient with T2DM is not at goal and aiming to minimize hypoglycemia without established ASCVD, CKD, or HF, which combination of medications should be considered?

    <p>GLP1 RA and DPP4 inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible limitation of using HbA1c for diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

    <p>It can be falsely elevated in the presence of chronic kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To minimize hypoglycemia and weight gain in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients, which class of medications would be beneficial?

    <p>GLP-1 receptor agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fasting plasma glucose (FPG) range would indicate a diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

    <p>&gt;126 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following postprandial oral glucose tolerance test results indicates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

    <p>&gt;200 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment goal for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients according to the guidelines?

    <p>Achieving optimal blood pressure control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a criterion essential for diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) besides HbA1c?

    <p>&gt;200 mg/dL random blood glucose with symptoms of hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential limitation of using HbA1c for diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), especially in certain populations?

    <p>It may not accurately reflect blood glucose levels in certain racial or ethnic groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications for T2DM primarily targets the kidneys to reduce glucose levels in the blood?

    <p>Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides HbA1c, what is another essential diagnostic criterion for diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

    <p>Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To minimize hypoglycemia and weight gain in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients, which medication class should be considered first?

    <p>Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1 RA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criteria are used to diagnose Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) based on random blood glucose levels?

    <p>$ ext{Postprandial blood glucose} &gt; 200 ext{ mg/dL}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common limitation of using HbA1c for diabetes management that relates to patient variability?

    <p>It does not provide real-time measurement of current glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum age recommended for starting testing for diabetes in all patients?

    <p>35 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT considered in the ADA criteria for testing adults for diabetes?

    <p>HDL cholesterol level &gt;250 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides HbA1c, which test result indicates a diagnosis of prediabetes?

    <p>2hr postprandial 75g OGTT: 140-199 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level indicates a diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>&gt;126 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of using HbA1c for diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, especially in certain populations?

    <p>It may be affected by certain conditions like anemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration for the initiation and maximum dosing of SGLT2 inhibitors in T2DM?

    <p>Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In T2DM management, which medication class should be avoided in combination with DPP4 inhibitors?

    <p>GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP1 RA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For T2DM patients aiming to minimize hypoglycemia without established cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, or heart failure, which medication class combination should be considered?

    <p>SGLT2 inhibitors or DPP4 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides HbA1c, what other diagnostic criterion is essential for diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

    <p>Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common limitation of using HbA1c for diabetes management that relates to certain patient populations?

    <p>Interference by certain medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary treatment goal for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

    <p>Promoting weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class has been shown to have cardiovascular benefits in addition to glycemic control for T2DM patients?

    <p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a limitation of using HbA1c for diagnosing T2DM?

    <p>Iron deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following SGLT2-i has the maximum daily dose that depends on GFR?

    <p>Canagliflozin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic criterion for T2DM besides HbA1c?

    <p>Serum insulin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment goal for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) according to the American Diabetes Association?

    <p>Achieving optimal glycemic control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications for T2DM has been shown to have cardiovascular benefits?

    <p>SGLT2 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic criterion is essential for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) diagnosis besides HbA1c?

    <p>Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of using HbA1c for diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

    <p>HbA1c may not accurately reflect glycemic control in certain populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To minimize hypoglycemia and weight gain in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients, which class of medications would be beneficial?

    <p>SGLT2 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment goal in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) for minimizing hypoglycemia and weight gain?

    <p>Minimizing hypoglycemia and weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications for T2DM primarily targets the kidneys to reduce glucose levels in the blood?

    <p>SGLT2 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications for T2DM has been shown to have cardiovascular benefits?

    <p>SGLT2 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is most effective for minimizing weight gain or promoting weight loss in T2DM treatment?

    <p>GLP-1 agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides HbA1c, what other diagnostic criterion is essential for diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

    <p>Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical decrease in A1c when using SGLT2-i as monotherapy?

    <p>1.0-1.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which SGLT2 inhibitor has the dosing regimen of 5-10 mg daily in the morning?

    <p>Dapagliflozin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For T2DM patients aiming to minimize hypoglycemia without established cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, or heart failure, which medication class combination should be considered?

    <p>DPP-4 inhibitors and metformin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is most suitable for minimizing weight gain or promoting weight loss in T2DM treatment without established ASCVD, CKD, or HF?

    <p>GLP-1 agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of using HbA1c for diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

    <p>It is not affected by hemoglobinopathies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Empagliflozin is a medication used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Canagliflozin is a type of GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes treatment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saxagliptin has been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Liraglutide has been associated with cardiovascular benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dapagliflozin is a medication that primarily targets the kidneys to reduce glucose levels in the blood.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Semaglutide is a DPP-4 inhibitor used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    SGLT2 inhibitors are commonly associated with weight gain in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Empagliflozin is one of the SGLT2 inhibitors that have shown cardiovascular benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Taking SGLT2 inhibitors may contribute to a reduced risk of cardiovascular events in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Canagliflozin, as an SGLT2 inhibitor, is ineffective in lowering blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sulfonylureas are the most suitable medication class for minimizing weight gain or promoting weight loss in T2DM treatment without established ASCVD, CKD, or HF.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the diagnostic criteria for T2DM besides HbA1c is fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meglitinides are a medication class primarily targeting the kidneys to reduce glucose levels in the blood for T2DM.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A diagnostic criterion essential for T2DM diagnosis besides HbA1c is postprandial oral glucose tolerance test results.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heart failure (HF) is one of the diagnostic criteria for T2DM diagnosis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A1c levels remain constant when using SGLT2 inhibitors as monotherapy for T2DM.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alpha glucosidase inhibitors are effective in lowering blood glucose levels in patients with T2DM.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is the only diagnostic criterion for T2DM diagnosis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been shown to have cardiovascular benefits in addition to glycemic control for T2DM patients.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) is one of the primary treatment goals for T2DM.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications for T2DM primarily targets the kidneys to reduce glucose levels in the blood?

    <p>Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment goal for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA)?

    <p>Reducing cardiovascular risk factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following strategies can help minimize hypoglycemia and weight gain in T2DM patients?

    <p>Initiating treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical decrease in A1c when using SGLT2-i as monotherapy?

    <p>0.5% to 0.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications for T2DM has been shown to have cardiovascular benefits?

    <p>Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class should be considered first for minimizing cost in T2DM treatment?

    <p>Sulfonylureas (SU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment goal for minimizing hypoglycemia and weight gain in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

    <p>Minimizing hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of utilizing HbA1c in the management of T2DM?

    <p>HbA1c does not reflect short-term glucose fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic criterion is essential for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) diagnosis besides HbA1c?

    <p>Fasting blood glucose (FBG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a limitation of using HbA1c for diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

    <p>HbA1c does not reflect short-term glucose fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class primarily targets the kidneys to reduce glucose levels in the blood for T2DM patients?

    <p>Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which SGLT2 inhibitor has a dosing regimen of 5-10 mg daily in the morning?

    <p>Dapagliflozin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical decrease in A1c when using SGLT2i as monotherapy?

    <p>0.5 - 1.0%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following SGLT2 inhibitors has a maximum daily dose that depends on GFR?

    <p>Canagliflozin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications for T2DM has been shown to have cardiovascular benefits?

    <p>GLP-1 receptor agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment goal for T2DM patients according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA)?

    <p>Minimizing hypoglycemia and weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) range for diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

    <p>126-140 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is most effective for minimizing weight gain or promoting weight loss in T2DM treatment?

    <p>SGLT2 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medication should be avoided in combination with DPP4i for T2DM treatment?

    <p>Sulfonylureas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of utilizing HbA1c in the management of T2DM?

    <p>It does not provide information about daily glucose variability</p> Signup and view all the answers

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