Questions and Answers
What are the three viewpoints of the contemporary perspective?
What does the classical viewpoint emphasize?
Ways to manage work more efficiently.
What are the two management theories stemming from the classical viewpoint?
Administrative management and scientific management.
What does the behavioral viewpoint emphasize?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the quantitative viewpoint apply to management?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines a systemic viewpoint?
Signup and view all the answers
The contingency viewpoint emphasizes that a manager's approach should be consistent regardless of varying circumstances.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three approaches within the quality management viewpoint?
Signup and view all the answers
What study does scientific management focus on?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was the first to identify the major functions of management?
Signup and view all the answers
What view does Theory X represent?
Signup and view all the answers
What view does Theory Y represent?
Signup and view all the answers
What are Maslow's hierarchy of needs, from bottom to top?
Signup and view all the answers
What were the branches of quantitative management?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Historical and Contemporary Perspectives
- Historical perspectives include classical, behavioral, and quantitative viewpoints.
- Contemporary perspectives contain systems, contingency, and quality management viewpoints.
Classical Viewpoint
- Emphasizes work efficiency through management methods.
- Branches:
- Administrative Management: Focused on managing the entire organization.
- Scientific Management: Studies work methods to improve individual worker productivity.
Key Figures in Classical Management
- Henri Fayol: Identified major management functions such as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
- Max Weber: Advocated for bureaucracy as an efficient organizational form.
Behavioral Viewpoint
- Focuses on understanding human behavior and motivating employees for better performance.
- Developed in phases: early behaviorism, human relations movement, and behavioral science.
- Hugo Munsterberg: Father of industrial psychology, analyzed job suitability and employee conditions.
Human Relations Movement
- Proposed improved human relations as a means to boost productivity.
- Key theorists: Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- Levels: Physiological, safety, social (love), esteem, self-actualization.
Theory X and Theory Y
- Theory X: Pessimistic view of workers, assuming they dislike work.
- Theory Y: Optimistic view, assuming workers are self-motivated and enjoy work.
Behavioral Science
- Draws on research from sociology, psychology, economics, and anthropology to inform management practices.
Quantitative Management
- Involves quantitative techniques such as statistics and simulations to enhance decision-making.
- Includes:
- Management Science (Operations Research): Utilizes mathematics for optimization.
- Operations Management: Focuses on production and delivery efficiencies.
Systemic and Contingency Viewpoints
- Systems Viewpoint: Organization as interrelated parts working toward a common goal; consists of inputs, outputs, transformational processes, and feedback.
- Contingency Viewpoint: Managerial approach should adapt based on individual and situational factors; more practical than one-size-fits-all approaches.
Quality Management
- Focuses on improvement processes, including:
- Quality Control: Minimizing errors at each production stage.
- Quality Assurance: Encouraging workers to aim for zero defects.
- Total Quality Management (TQM): Management-led commitment to continuous quality improvement and customer satisfaction.
Learning Organization
- An entity that continually evolves by acquiring and applying knowledge.
Economic Context of Management Theories
- Scientific management arose from a labor shortage issue, focusing on maximizing worker output efficiency.
Other Key Concepts
- Mechanistic Approach: Views employees as cogs in a machine, neglecting human needs.
- Feedback: Vital for assessing organizational outputs and adjusting inputs accordingly.
- Open vs. Closed Systems: Open systems interact constantly with their environment, while closed systems have limited interaction.
Taylor's Contributions
- Developed motion studies and a differential rate system where efficient workers earn higher wages.
- Four principles of scientific management excluded psychological factors.
Conclusion
- The interplay of various management theories and perspectives has shaped modern organizational practices, aiming to understand and optimize work through diverse approaches and human insights.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the historical and contemporary perspectives of management with these flashcards. This quiz covers key viewpoints and theories including classical, behavioral, and quantitative approaches. Dive into the various management theories and understand their implications in modern contexts.
