Management and Safety Systems Quiz

Workers' Compensation

• Refers to payments for medical expenses, survivor benefits, and costs related to accidents (including travel and legal services) for injured or ill employees.

Task Analysis

• A detailed method for defining undertaking elements and documenting necessary resources for completion.

Common Metrics

• Budget: Evaluates if the project is within or exceeding budget.
• Time: Determines if the project or phase is on schedule.
• Quality: Assesses if work meets or exceeds standards (e.g., inspection).
• Conflict: Identifies conflicts among team members during the project phase.
• Safety: Checks for safety incidents during the project phase.

Risk Analysis

• Uses qualitative and quantitative techniques to evaluate risk frequency and severity.

Risk Determination

• Includes risk type, location, probability, consequences, and risk estimate (probability x consequences).

Risk Acceptance

• Decides on acceptable risk frequencies and severities for individuals, companies, and society.

Risk Characterization

• Analyzes the effects of risk exposure on people.

Job Safety Analysis

• A formal method to assess hazards associated with a job function.

Mishap

• An unplanned event or series of events leading to death, injury, occupational illness, or damage to property/environment.

SMART Goal

• Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-bound goals.

International Labor Organization (ILO) Guidelines

• Voluntary guidelines on safety and health management systems, minimizing reliance on worker performance.

Leading Indicators

• Proactive measures to identify, assess, eliminate, minimize and control risks, including worker participation, suggestions, reported hazards, management walkthroughs, and training completion rates.

Evidence-Based Approach

• A rational method, using verifiable evidence, to come to audit conclusions.

Fault Tree Analysis

• Deductive analysis using Boolean logic that links a top event to combinations of basic events.

Contingency Theory

• Organizations, leaders, and decision-making approaches should be tailored to specific internal and external situations.

Systems Theory

• Organizations are viewed as complex systems interacting with their environment.

Management Styles

• Different approaches to decision-making (autocratic, permissive, directive democratic, directive autocratic, permissive autocratic).

Accident and Hazard

• Accident: Unexpected events that cause injury, loss, or damage.
• Hazard: Conditions or circumstances potentially causing an incident, injury, or illness.

Costs of Accidents

• Direct costs: Medical expenses and payments for lost time.
• Indirect costs: Costs not directly related to the accident (loss of production, etc.).

ANSI Z10 and Heinrich's Incident Theories

• ANSI Z10: a standard for safety management systems.
• Heinrich's: a theory relating direct costs to indirect costs (typically 4:1).

Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Cycle

• Plan: set objectives and processes to achieve them
• Do: implement the plan
• Check: monitor and evaluate the plan
• Act: take action to improve the plan

Confined Space and Entry Attendant

• Permit-Required Confined Space: A space with hazardous atmospheres or internal dangers.
• Entry Attendant: Person responsible for monitoring the space outside, preventing unauthorized entry, and emergency response.

Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)

• Evaluates chemical hazards and provides information for exposed employees.

Risk Analysis and Determination

• Analyzes risk frequency and severity.
• Evaluates risk factors (type, location, probability, consequences).

Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

• JSA: Method to assess job hazards.
• FMEA: A systematic process to identify potential design and process failures.

Other Concepts

• Theory Y Management: Assumes workers are interested and motivated.
• Herzberg Motivational Theory: Two-factor approach to motivation (hygiene factors and motivational factors).
• SWOT Analysis: Tool used to analyze strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
• Manual Rates, Premiums: Workers' compensation insurance rates based on risk factors per state.

Experience Rating, Premium Discounts, and Government Agencies

• Experience Rating: Method to adjust rates based on past losses.
• Premium Discounts: Discounts for lower administrative costs, and rates based on rate books.
• Government Agencies: (DOT, NHTSA, SAE, FMVSS, FHA)).

Hazardous Chemicals, Trade Secrets, Unstable Chemicals, Water Reactive Chemicals, Workplace Safety

• Hazardous Chemicals: Chemicals that pose hazards to workers' safety.
• Trade Secrets: Confidential information used in a business
• Unstable (reactive) Chemicals: Chemicals potentially undergoing dangerous changes.
• Water reactive chemicals: Release flammable or toxic gases when exposed to water.
• Workplace Safety: Work areas with hazardous chemical presence and production

Accident Prevention Strategies

• Frequency Strategy: Reduces frequently occurring accidents.
• Severity Strategy: Reduces severe accidents and damage.
• Cost Strategy: Reduces expensive accidents.

Accident Theories

• Multiple Factor Theory: Accidents are the result of multiple factors.
• Energy Theory: Accidents involve energy transfer.
• Domino Theory: Describes a sequence of events leading to an accident.

Financial Justification

• Process of justifying investments or changes using cost-benefit analysis.

Accident Cost Estimation

• Estimating costs associated with accidents (medical, lost time, property, insurance).

Accident Ratios

• Ratios of unsafe acts to unsafe conditions, injuries caused by these factors (88:10:2).

Risk Management

• Identification and reduction of risks (acceptable risk is the part of identified mishap risk that is allowed to persist without further action).

Risk Types

• Types of accepted risk, default risk, and residual risk.

Risk Mitigation

• Actions to decrease the probability or severity of a hazard.

Risk Assessment

• Process of identifying safety risks and hazard assessment (frequency, severity).

Hazard and Severity

• Hazard: Potential condition causing harm (injury, illness, etc.)
• Severity: Extent of harm or damage from a hazard

Loss Control

• Methods used to reduce losses from accidents, injuries, illness, and property damage.

Probability and Severity

• Probability: Likelihood of a hazard causing an incident.
• Severity: The harm or damage resulting from a hazard.

Risk Analysis and Assessment

• Process of identifying the risk level associated with a situation.

Risk Assessment Techniques

• Methods used to assess the probability and severity of risks (e.g., establishing analysis parameters, selecting risk assessment techniques).

Common Metrics (re-iterated for clarity)

• Budget, Time, Quality, Conflict, Safety (used to evaluate project performance).

Risk Determination and Acceptance

• Identifying the risk, determining the risk estimate (probability x consequence), and deciding on acceptable frequencies and severities of risks.

Risk Characterization and Job Safety Analysis

• Risk Characterization: Analyzing how risk exposures affect people or groups.
• Job Safety Analysis: Method to analyze job hazards.

Safety Management Systems

• A cycle of Plan-Do-Check-Act to continuously improve safety performance.

System Failure

• Single-Point Failure: Failure of one component causing the failure of the entire system.
• Domino Theory: Accident sequence similar to a row of dominoes falling.
• Energy Theory: Accidents involving transfer of energy.

Project Management

• Processes to coordinate and manage a project's planning and completion.

Hazard Communication

• Globally Harmonized System (GHS): System for hazard communication guidelines.

Accident Costs

• Analysis of how to assess costs due to accidents (direct and indirect).

Accident Causation

• Analysis of factors leading to accidents (unsafe acts, conditions, and unpreventable causes).

Risk Management

• Processes for controlling hazards in projects.

Audit and Analysis

• Evidence-Based Approach: Evidence collection methods to come to conclusions
• Fault Tree Analysis (FTA): Determines combinations of failures that cause undesired top events.

Human Factors

• Motivational-Hygiene Theory: Motivation and satisfaction based on specific job factors.
• Safety Culture: Group's perception of safety and its enforcement.
• Exposure Limits: Guidelines for permissible worker exposure to hazards (OSHA, NIOSH, ACGIH).

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Protective gear to shield workers from hazards (e.g., chemical protective clothing (CPC)).

Product Liability

• Legal responsibility for injuries associated with products.

Workers' Compensation

• Insurance providing compensation for work-related injuries and illnesses.

Safety Management Systems

• Systems and processes for managing safety at work.

Safety Standards and Analysis

• Standards to improve continuous safety management systems; Cost-benefit analyses, Pareto Principle for evaluating costs and benefits.

Safety Culture and Theories

• Safety culture in the workplace, and factors affecting it (teamwork, recognition, and attitudes).
• Internal audits to review safety matters.
• Motivational-Hygiene Theory: Factors that influence worker satisfaction and safety

SWOT Analysis and Database Management System (DBMS)

• SWOT Analysis: Tool to evaluate an organization's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
• Database Management System (DBMS): Software used to manage safety data (e.g., PPE, training, inspections).
• Modeling: Methods that analyze physical phenomena, including accident reconstruction, fire effects, and gas dispersion.