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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of conceptual skills?
What is the primary focus of conceptual skills?
Which managerial role is associated with providing direction to the organization?
Which managerial role is associated with providing direction to the organization?
What is the primary goal of an organization?
What is the primary goal of an organization?
What is the key characteristic of a rational organization system?
What is the key characteristic of a rational organization system?
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What is the main idea behind the division of labor?
What is the main idea behind the division of labor?
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Who is the theorist associated with the concept of modern institutions being transparently purposive?
Who is the theorist associated with the concept of modern institutions being transparently purposive?
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What is the key characteristic of Max Weber's conception of bureaucracy?
What is the key characteristic of Max Weber's conception of bureaucracy?
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What is the formula for productivity?
What is the formula for productivity?
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What is the primary role of planning in management?
What is the primary role of planning in management?
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What is the primary focus of technical skills?
What is the primary focus of technical skills?
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What is the main purpose of controlling in management?
What is the main purpose of controlling in management?
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Why is management necessary in organizations?
Why is management necessary in organizations?
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What is the role of staff managers?
What is the role of staff managers?
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What are the three critical skills that managers need, according to Robert L. Katz?
What are the three critical skills that managers need, according to Robert L. Katz?
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What is the hierarchical level of management responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of an organization?
What is the hierarchical level of management responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of an organization?
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What is the primary difference between line managers and staff managers?
What is the primary difference between line managers and staff managers?
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What is the primary objective of scientific management?
What is the primary objective of scientific management?
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Who is the leading proponent of scientific management?
Who is the leading proponent of scientific management?
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What is the term used to describe the number of subordinates a supervisor has?
What is the term used to describe the number of subordinates a supervisor has?
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What type of organization is characterized by a tall hierarchy with many levels between the highest and lowest managers?
What type of organization is characterized by a tall hierarchy with many levels between the highest and lowest managers?
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What is the result of a wide span of control?
What is the result of a wide span of control?
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What is the definition of an organization?
What is the definition of an organization?
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What is the contingency theory concerned with?
What is the contingency theory concerned with?
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What is authority in the context of management?
What is authority in the context of management?
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What is the difference between authority and power?
What is the difference between authority and power?
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What is included in the internal environment of an organization?
What is included in the internal environment of an organization?
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What is the term used to describe the forces surrounding an organization that have the potential to affect its operations and access to scarce resources?
What is the term used to describe the forces surrounding an organization that have the potential to affect its operations and access to scarce resources?
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What is responsibility in the context of management?
What is responsibility in the context of management?
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What is accountability in the context of management?
What is accountability in the context of management?
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Who defined accountability as the obligation to carry out responsibility and exercise authority?
Who defined accountability as the obligation to carry out responsibility and exercise authority?
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What is power in the context of management?
What is power in the context of management?
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What is the relationship between authority and power?
What is the relationship between authority and power?
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What is the primary function of the controlling process in management?
What is the primary function of the controlling process in management?
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What is the primary difference between Theory X and Theory Y?
What is the primary difference between Theory X and Theory Y?
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What is the definition of motivation?
What is the definition of motivation?
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What is the primary focus of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
What is the primary focus of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
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What is the primary purpose of establishing performance criteria and standards?
What is the primary purpose of establishing performance criteria and standards?
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What is the primary difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
What is the primary difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
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What is the primary role of the manager in the controlling process?
What is the primary role of the manager in the controlling process?
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What is the primary benefit of proper resource allocation in the organization?
What is the primary benefit of proper resource allocation in the organization?
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Study Notes
Management and Productivity
- Productivity is the combination of Efficiency and Effectiveness
- Management is a process that involves planning, organizing, leading, and controlling
Planning
- Planning involves creating goals and objectives, as well as strategies to achieve them
- It involves defining the organization's objectives, establishing an overall strategy, and developing a comprehensive hierarchy of plans
Organizing
- Organizing involves arranging resources in an orderly and functional way to achieve goals and objectives
Leading
- Leading involves providing direction and vision
Controlling
- Controlling involves keeping the company on track and ensuring goals are met
Why Management
- Management is necessary to maximize the utilization of scarce resources
- It helps to face increasing competition for inputs and outputs
- It enhances the quality of products and services
- It enables adaptation to changes in the business environment
Levels of Management
- Top-level management
- Middle-level management
- Operational-level management
Who is a Manager?
- A manager is responsible for directing efforts to achieve organizational goals
- There are two types of managers: Line managers and Staff managers
- Line managers are responsible for work activities that directly affect organizational outputs and objectives
- Staff managers use technical expertise to advise and support line managers and workers
Managerial Skills
- Managers need three critical skills: Conceptual skills, Human skills, and Technical skills
- Conceptual skills involve analyzing and diagnosing situations to find cause and effect
- Human skills involve working well with others individually and in groups
- Technical skills involve job-specific knowledge required to perform tasks
Managerial Roles
- Interpersonal roles involve coordinating and interacting with employees and providing direction
- Informational roles involve obtaining and transmitting information for management
- Decisional roles involve planning strategy and utilizing resources to achieve goals
Organizational Theory
- Organizational theory involves approaches to organizational analysis
- Organizations are defined as social units that are structured and managed to meet a need or pursue collective goals
- Theories of organizations include rational system perspective, division of labor, bureaucratic theory, and contingency theory
Scientific Management Approach
- Scientific management is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows to improve economic efficiency
- It was developed by Frederick Taylor and is also known as Taylorism
- Key elements of scientific management include Work Study, Standardization of tools and Equipment, Scientific selection, placement and training, Development of functional foremanship, Introducing costing system, and Mental revolution
Organization
- An organization is a group of people who work together in a structured way to achieve a shared purpose
- Organizational environment includes internal and external factors that affect the organization's operations and access to resources
- Internal environment includes elements within the organization's boundaries, such as employees, structure, culture, and technology
- External environment includes elements outside the organization's boundaries, such as competitors, suppliers, and customers
Span of Control
- Span of control refers to the number of subordinates a supervisor has
- Narrow span of control creates a tall hierarchy with many levels, while a wide span of control creates a flat hierarchy with fewer management levels
Authority, Responsibility, and Accountability
- Authority is the power to give orders and make decisions
- Responsibility is the obligation to complete a task assigned
- Accountability is the obligation to report and justify one's actions and performance
- Power is the ability to influence others and control their actions
Controlling Process
- Establishing performance criteria and standards
- Measuring actual performance
- Comparing actual performance against standards
- Evaluating and taking corrective actions
Motivation
- Motivation is having direction and intensity to achieve a goal or satisfy a need
- It can be intrinsic or extrinsic, and can be inspired by others or events
- Leading theories of motivation include Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Two-Factor Theory, and XY Theory
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Description
Learn about management, a process that involves planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, and how it relates to productivity and efficiency.
