Malus's Law and Polarization of Light
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Questions and Answers

What does Malus's Law describe in relation to light?

  • The relationship between intensity and polarization angle (correct)
  • The speed of light in different media
  • The wavelength of light passing through a polarizer
  • The angle of incidence of light on a surface

In the experiment setup, what component is used to measure the intensity of light after passing through the analyzer?

  • Spectrometer
  • Oscilloscope
  • Photometer
  • Lux meter (correct)

Which of the following describes the relationship between initial intensity ( extit{I0}) and transmitted intensity ( extit{I}) according to Malus's Law?

  • I = I0 cos²θ (correct)
  • I = I0 tan²θ
  • I = I0 + θ
  • I = I0 sin²θ

What kind of light is emitted by the light source in this experiment?

<p>Unpolarized light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the light intensity when the angle between the polarizer and the analyzer is 90 degrees?

<p>Intensity becomes zero (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the intensity of unpolarized light when it passes through a polarizing sheet?

<p>The intensity is reduced to half. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation describes the transmitted intensity of polarized light through a second polarizing sheet at an angle?

<p>$I = I_0 an^{2} heta$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect on the transmitted light intensity when two polarizing sheets are oriented at an angle of $90^{ ext{o}}$?

<p>The intensity is zero. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the transmission axis of a polarizing sheet?

<p>The direction in which all electric field vectors vibrate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of polarized light, what does the variable $ heta$ represent in the equation $I = I_0 ext{cos}^{2} heta$?

<p>The angle between the electric field vector and the transmission axis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Electromagnetic waves

Waves consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to each other and the direction of propagation, carrying energy and momentum.

Polarized light

Light where the electric field vectors oscillate in a single plane.

Polarizing sheet

A material that transmits only light waves with electric field vectors vibrating in a specific direction (transmission axis), absorbing others.

Malus' Law

The law describing how the intensity of polarized light changes when passing through a second polarizing sheet.

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Malus' Law Equation

I = I₀cos²θ where I₀ is the initial intensity, I is the transmitted intensity, and θ is the angle between the transmission axes.

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Malus' Law

Describes how the intensity of polarized light changes when passing through a second polarizer (analyzer).

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Polarizer

A filter that transmits light waves of only one orientation (plane).

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Analyzer

A second polarizer used to measure the intensity of light after it passes through the first polarizer.

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Intensity (I)

The amount of light energy passing through a given area per unit of time (measured in lux).

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Experimental setup Diagram

A visual representation of the apparatus used to verify Malus' Law; shows the order and configuration of the light source, polarizers, and measuring device.

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