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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of surgical site preparation?
What is the primary goal of surgical site preparation?
What type of suture is used for skin wound closure?
What type of suture is used for skin wound closure?
What is the role of the circulating nurse in surgical site preparation?
What is the role of the circulating nurse in surgical site preparation?
Which of the following areas requires special consideration during surgical site preparation?
Which of the following areas requires special consideration during surgical site preparation?
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What is the purpose of applying antimicrobial agents during surgical site preparation?
What is the purpose of applying antimicrobial agents during surgical site preparation?
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What is the characteristic of Povidone-Iodine as an antimicrobial agent?
What is the characteristic of Povidone-Iodine as an antimicrobial agent?
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What type of suture is used for internal body tissues where sutures will not be removed?
What type of suture is used for internal body tissues where sutures will not be removed?
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What is the purpose of sutures in wound closure?
What is the purpose of sutures in wound closure?
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What is the primary goal of surgical skin preparation?
What is the primary goal of surgical skin preparation?
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What is the name of the position where the patient is lying on their back with their legs flexed and elevated?
What is the name of the position where the patient is lying on their back with their legs flexed and elevated?
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What type of anesthesia involves injecting local anesthetic into the lumbar intrathecal space or subarachnoid space?
What type of anesthesia involves injecting local anesthetic into the lumbar intrathecal space or subarachnoid space?
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What is a common complication of spinal anesthesia?
What is a common complication of spinal anesthesia?
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What is the name of the position where the patient is lying on their side with their body aligned in a straight line?
What is the name of the position where the patient is lying on their side with their body aligned in a straight line?
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What type of anesthesia involves injecting local anesthetic into the epidural space?
What type of anesthesia involves injecting local anesthetic into the epidural space?
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What is the primary consideration when positioning a surgical patient?
What is the primary consideration when positioning a surgical patient?
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What type of anesthesia involves injecting local anesthetic around a nerve that supplies sensation to a small area of the body?
What type of anesthesia involves injecting local anesthetic around a nerve that supplies sensation to a small area of the body?
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What is the name of the position where the patient is lying on their stomach with their head turned to the side?
What is the name of the position where the patient is lying on their stomach with their head turned to the side?
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What is the primary purpose of malignant hyperthermia treatment?
What is the primary purpose of malignant hyperthermia treatment?
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What is the primary focus of perioperative nursing?
What is the primary focus of perioperative nursing?
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Which of the following patients is considered a surgical risk patient?
Which of the following patients is considered a surgical risk patient?
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What is the purpose of diagnostic surgery?
What is the purpose of diagnostic surgery?
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Which of the following medications can affect the surgical client?
Which of the following medications can affect the surgical client?
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What is the classification of surgery that requires immediate attention?
What is the classification of surgery that requires immediate attention?
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Which of the following is a physical effect of surgery on a client?
Which of the following is a physical effect of surgery on a client?
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What is the classification of surgery that involves a high degree of risk?
What is the classification of surgery that involves a high degree of risk?
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Which phase of perioperative nursing occurs during the surgery?
Which phase of perioperative nursing occurs during the surgery?
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Study Notes
Malignant Hyperthermia
- Malignant hyperthermia: a life-threatening medical emergency
- Induction of general anesthesia: drowsy, dizzy, exaggerated pain sensation, decreased consciousness
- Loss of consciousness: relaxation, light hypnosis, loss of consciousness, increased muscle tone
- Regular pattern of respiration: total paralysis of intercostal muscles, cessation of voluntary respiration
- Danger stage: respiratory failure, possible cardiac arrest, prepare for cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Regional Anesthesia
- Production of anesthesia in a specific body part
- Injecting local anesthetics in close proximity to appropriate nerves
- Spinal Anesthesia: local anesthetic injected into lumbar intrathecal space/subarachnoid space
- Spinal anesthesia produces excellent analgesia and relaxation for abdominal and pelvic procedures
- Epidural Anesthesia: local anesthetic injected into epidural space via lumbar puncture
- Peripheral Nerve Blocks: anesthetic injected around a nerve supplying sensation to a small area
- Intravenous Block: local agent injected into a vein with an occlusion tourniquet
- Local Anesthesia (Infiltration): agent injected into surgical site for minor and superficial procedures
- Topical Anesthesia: anesthetic agent applied directly to skin and mucous membranes
Complications of Spinal Anesthesia
- Hypotension
- Nausea and vomiting
- Urinary retention
- Post-spinal headache
Positioning Surgical Patient
- 5 factors to consider: anatomy involved, surgical approach, patient comfort, patient and staff safety, respiratory and circulatory freedom
- Supine (Dorsal Recumbent): abdominal, extremity, vascular, chest, neck, and facial procedures
- Lateral Recumbent: chest and kidney procedures
- Trendelenburg: lower abdominal and pelvic organ procedures
- Kraske (Jacknife): rectal, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy procedures
- Prone: surgeries involving the posterior surface of the body, spine, neck, buttocks, and lower extremities
Perioperative Nursing
- 3 phases: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative
- Effects of surgery on a client: physical and psychological effects
Surgical Risk Patients
- Extremes of age
- Malnourished (emaciated/obese)
- Dehydrated patients
- Patients with severe trauma or injury, infection, or sepsis
- Patients with cardiovascular disease
- Endocrine dysfunction
- Hepatic/renal disease
Medications Affecting Surgical Client
- Antibiotics
- Antidysrhythmics
- Anticoagulants
- Corticosteroids
- Insulin
- Diuretics
- Antidepressants
Classifications of Surgery
- According to urgency: emergent, urgent, required, elective, and optional
- According to degree of risk: major and minor
- According to purpose: diagnostic, exploratory, curative, ablative, and reconstructive
Surgical Skin Prep
- Aseptic procedure to reduce resident and transient flora on the skin surface
- Performed by the circulating nurse
- Prior to draping
- Antimicrobial solutions: povidone-iodine (Betadine) and chlorhexidine gluconate
Special Areas of Consideration
- Eyes
- Traumatic open wounds
- Fractures
- Tumors, aneurysm, and ovarian cyst
- Dirty contaminated areas
- Emergency preps
Sutures
- Absorbable sutures: chromic, plain, polydiaxone (PDS), polyglactin 910 (Vicryl), polyglycolic acid (Biovek)
- Non-absorbable sutures: silk, nylon, prolene (polypropylene)
- Used either on skin wound closure or in stressful internal environments where absorbable sutures won't suffice
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Description
This quiz is about the signs and symptoms of malignant hyperthermia during general anesthesia induction and the patient's response to it. It covers the patient care considerations during this situation.
