Anesthesia Complications: Malignant Hyperthermia and Rhabdomyolysis

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What is the primary cause of Osteoarthritis?

Wear and tear (degenerative disease) (correct)

Hormonal imbalance

Vitamin deficiency

Autoimmune disease

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for Osteoporosis?

Frequent exercise (correct)

Malnutrition (Vitamin deficiencies, especially Ca++ and D)

Hormonal imbalance (menopause, thyroid/parathyroid)

High BMI

What is the difference between Osteoporosis and Osteomalacia?

Osteoporosis is more common in males, while Osteomalacia is more common in females

Osteoporosis is caused by hormonal imbalance, while Osteomalacia is caused by decreased mobility

Osteoporosis is caused by autoimmune disease, while Osteomalacia is caused by Vitamin deficiency

Osteoporosis is characterized by demineralized bones, while Osteomalacia is characterized by soft bones (correct)

What is the primary risk factor for Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Autoimmune disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the loss of ability of tissues to perform/function as intended?

Contracture Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the increased pressure within a muscle compartment, often causing tissue and/or nerve damage?

Compartment Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What are the 6 P's of Compartment Syndrome?

Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, poikilothermia Signup and view all the answers

What is Malignant Hyperthermia?

A severe allergic reaction to anesthetics Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the muscle shrinkage due to decreased muscle mass and density?

Atrophy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal curvature of the spine?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of muscle breakdown in a hypermetabolic state?

Rapid release of intracellular contents into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treating rhabdomyolysis?

Maintaining adequate urinary output Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical cause of malignant hyperthermia?

Inherited genetic mutation Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of rhabdomyolysis?

Rapid breakdown of muscle cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic threshold for rhabdomyolysis?

Enzyme levels above 1000 units/L Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome?

Duration of fatigue Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome of untreated malignant hyperthermia?

Fatality if not treated emergently Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the muscle-contracture test?

Predicting malignant hyperthermia Signup and view all the answers

What is the triad of manifestations in rhabdomyolysis?

Muscle pain, weakness, and dark urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk factor for developing malignant hyperthermia?

Family history of MHS gene Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is characterized by unexplained pain, fatigue, and lack of restorative sleep?

Fibromyalgia Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the complication that occurs when there is recurrent or chronic accumulation of urate crystals in the soft tissues, leading to tissue and joint damage?

Tophaceous Gout Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture is characterized by a break in the bone that does not penetrate the entire shaft?

Incomplete Fracture Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which bone is formed through a callus, often observed when a fracture is treated with a cast or other nonsurgical method?

Indirect Bone Remodeling Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by chronic accelerated and disordered bone remodeling, leading to misshapen and frail bones?

Paget Disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the inflammatory process that primarily attacks fibrocartilage, leading to joint fusion in Ankylosing Spondylitis?

Enthesitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing Gout?

Age and co-morbidities Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the type of fatigue that is characterized by a seemingly depressive state, profound fatigue, pain, and impaired sleep?

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture is characterized by a break in the bone that is accompanied by splintering of the bone?

Comminuted Fracture Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the type of muscle atrophy that occurs as a result of prolonged inactivity, such as bed rest or trauma?

Disuse Atrophy Signup and view all the answers