Male Reproductive System Quiz
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Male Reproductive System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the result of meiosis I in oogenesis?

  • One primary oocyte produces one secondary oocyte and one first polar body. (correct)
  • One primary oocyte produces one ovum and one second polar body.
  • One primary oocyte produces two polar bodies.
  • One primary oocyte produces two secondary oocytes.

    • What happens to the first polar body after oogenesis?

  • It is guaranteed to complete meiosis II.
  • It survives and becomes fertilized.
  • It develops into a mature ovum.
  • It may divide to produce another polar body. (correct)

    • Under what condition will the process of oogenesis stop after meiosis II?

  • If the polar body divides.
  • If the secondary oocyte is not fertilized. (correct)
  • If a primary oocyte is lost.
  • If the secondary oocyte is fertilized.

    • What occurs after the fertilization of the secondary oocyte?

    <p>Meiosis II resumes and produces an ovum and a second polar body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the survival of the polar body is correct?

    <p>The polar body does not survive due to lack of cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Leydig cells in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Producing testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of semen is responsible for combating the acidic environment of the vagina?

    <p>Alkaline secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland contributes a significant amount of protein-digesting enzymes to semen?

    <p>Prostate gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of semen volume is typically contributed by the seminal vesicles?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom commonly associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?

    <p>Frequent urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is NOT found in the seminal fluid?

    <p>Spermatogonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a vasectomy affect testosterone production in males?

    <p>It has no effect on production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical pH range of semen, and why is it important?

    <p>Alkaline, to neutralize vaginal acidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does prostatic secretion play in semen?

    <p>Supplies nutrients and liquefies the semen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the release of Inhibin from Sertoli cells?

    <p>Sperm cell maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily produced by the corpus luteum?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur?

    <p>It degenerates into corpus albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the rupture of the mature Graafian follicle?

    <p>A spike in LH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the male and female reproductive systems regarding gamete production?

    <p>Males produce millions of sperm cells continuously, while females produce one egg approximately every 28 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature regulation role does the scrotum play?

    <p>Maintains a temperature suitable for sperm viability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final structure the corpus luteum transforms into if pregnancy does not occur?

    <p>Corpus albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Sertoli cells in spermatogenesis?

    <p>Aid in the maturation of sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for inhibiting the secretion of FSH?

    <p>Inhibin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct pathway of sperm transport starting from the seminiferous tubules?

    <p>Seminiferous tubules → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory Ducts → Urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant result of a vasectomy?

    <p>It prevents the transport of sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does testosterone affect the hypothalamus in relation to GnRH and LH levels?

    <p>Inhibits the secretion of GnRH and LH when levels are high</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is mismatched with its function in male reproduction?

    <p>LH: stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function is primarily performed by the epididymis?

    <p>Matures and stores sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'anabolism' refer to in the context of male reproductive hormones?

    <p>Protein synthesis and growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to progesterone levels if pregnancy does not occur?

    <p>Progesterone levels drop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of the secondary oocyte?

    <p>LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of ovulation?

    <p>Surge of LH hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does FSH play in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Stimulates the growing follicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does progesterone have on the endometrium?

    <p>It enhances and maintains the endometrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a woman is pregnant, what happens to the corpus luteum?

    <p>It is maintained and continues hormone production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is amenorrhea?

    <p>Absence of menstruation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to hormone levels during childbirth?

    <p>Decreased progesterone and increased oxytocin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is metorrhagia?

    <p>Uterine bleeding at irregular intervals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone surges leading up to ovulation?

    <p>LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Male Reproductive System

    • Testosterone is responsible for male development before birth, enlargement of male sex organs and expression of secondary sex characteristics at puberty, and anabolism (protein synthesis).
    • Sertoli cells aid in spermatogenesis, the process of transforming spermatocytes into sperm cells.
    • Testosterone can act on the hypothalamus to stop the secretion of GnRH and LH if their levels become too high.
    • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) accelerates spermatogenesis by acting on Sertoli cells.
    • Sertoli cells release inhibin, which acts on the anterior pituitary to stop FSH secretion and slow down spermatogenesis.
    • Epididymis receives sperm cells from seminiferous tubules, where they mature, acquire mobility, and gain the ability to fertilize. It can store sperm for 10-14 days.
    • Vas deferens transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts and can store sperm for several months.
    • Vasectomy involves cutting the vas deferens, preventing sperm from being transported out of the body but not affecting the function of the testes or testosterone production.
    • Ejaculatory ducts carry sperm to the urethra, formed by the union of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles.
    • Seminal vesicles secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid containing fructose, prostaglandins, and clotting proteins, contributing 60% of semen volume.
    • Prostate secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid containing citric acid, proteolytic enzymes, acid phosphatase, and seminal plasmin, contributing 25% of semen volume.
    • Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is the enlargement of the prostate, which can compress the urethra and cause urination problems. Hyperplasia can indicate prostate cancer.
    • Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), a protein-breaking enzyme released in increasing quantities with prostate enlargement, can be used to assess prostate health and identify cancer.
    • Bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands secrete an alkaline fluid during sexual arousal to neutralize urine acidity and lubricate the urethra.
    • Semen is a mixture of sperm and seminal fluid, with an average ejaculate volume of 2.5-5 mL containing 50-150 million sperm cells per mL. The alkaline pH (7.2-7.7) protects sperm from the vaginal acidity.

    Female Reproductive System

    • Ovaries contain follicles, a group of cells that protect the egg cell (oocyte).
    • Follicles mature into Graafian follicles, which contain the egg cell.
    • Ovulation is the release of the egg cell from the ruptured Graafian follicle.
    • Corpus luteum (yellow body) forms from the ruptured follicle and produces progesterone, estrogens, inhibin, and relaxin.
    • Corpus luteum persists for 3 months during pregnancy but degenerates into corpus albicans (white body) if no pregnancy occurs, leading to menstruation.
    • Oogenesis is the process of egg cell development.
    • Meiosis I begins during fetal development, transforming oogonia into primary oocytes.
    • Primary oocytes complete meiosis I after puberty, producing a secondary oocyte and a first polar body.
    • Secondary oocytes and first polar bodies are ovulated. Meiosis II continues only if fertilization occurs, resulting in an ovum and a second polar body.
    • Fertilization involves the union of the sperm nucleus with the ovum nucleus, forming a diploid zygote.
    • GnRH (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone) is released from the hypothalamus and stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete LH and FSH.
    • FSH stimulates follicle growth and the production of estrogen by the follicles.
    • LH peaks during ovulation, causing the release of the secondary oocyte.
    • LH maintains the corpus luteum by stimulating the production of progesterone and estrogen.
    • Estrogen thickens the uterine wall in preparation for pregnancy.
    • Progesterone complements estrogen's function and maintains the endometrium.
    • Menstruation occurs when progesterone levels drop, causing the shedding of the thickened endometrium.
    • Pregnancy maintains the corpus luteum, resulting in sustained estrogen and progesterone levels until birth.
    • Childbirth is triggered by a drop in progesterone levels and a rise in oxytocin levels, which stimulate uterine contractions.

    Menstrual Cycle Terminologies

    • Amenorrhea: Absence of menstruation during reproductive years.
    • Menorrhagia: Menstrual bleeding lasting longer than 7 days.
    • Dysmenorrhea: Painful menstruation or menstrual cramps.
    • Metrorrhagia: Irregular uterine bleeding, particularly between menstrual periods.
    • Menopause: Cessation of menstrual cycles.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the male reproductive system, including the roles of testosterone, Sertoli cells, and the processes of spermatogenesis. This quiz covers key structures such as the epididymis and vas deferens, as well as important hormonal influences. Challenge yourself and learn more about male reproductive health!

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