Male Reproductive System: Anatomy and Function
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Questions and Answers

What is the system involved in sexual reproduction called?

the reproductive system

Where are the reproductive organs of the male and female developed from?

  • Environmental factors
  • Different structures
  • External stimuli
  • The same embryological structures (correct)

What is the function of the testes?

Produces sperm cells

What is the scrotum?

<p>Sac of skin that holds the testis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the vas deferens (tube)?

<p>Carries sperm from testis to urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the urethra?

<p>Carries sperm and urine out of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the seminal vesicle secrete?

<p>A fluid that makes up most of the components of the semen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prostate gland secrete?

<p>An alkaline fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the bulbourethral gland secrete?

<p>A thick and clear mucus that lubricates and neutralizes any trace of acidic urine in the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

The female reproductive system produces male sex cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The female reproductive system receives sperm cells from the male.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the female reproductive system nurture?

<p>The development of and provides nourishment for the new individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ovaries?

<p>Produces egg cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the oviduct?

<p>Serves as passageway of eggs from the ovary to the uterus; site of egg fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the uterus?

<p>Serves as site of egg implantation; is where the fertilized egg develops</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vagina?

<p>Receives the penis of male during mating</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does puberty involve?

<p>The onset of sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the endocrine system composed of?

<p>Glands that secrete different types of hormones that affect almost every cell, organ, and function of our body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the endocrine system essential in regulating?

<p>Growth and development, metabolism, as well as reproductive process and mood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do endocrine glands secrete?

<p>Chemicals known as hormone into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the endocrine system control?

<p>Various body processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulate?

<p>The pituitary gland to release two hormones namely Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and the Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

<p>Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

RNA is double stranded-- whereas DNA is double stranded

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

<p>Brings information from the DNA in the nucleus to the protein manufacturing area, the cytoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three parts of the male reproductive system.

<p>testis, scrotum, and penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is function of the penis?

<p>Deposits sperm into the vagina during mating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vas deferens?

<p>Carries sperm from testis to urethra.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the seminal vesicle?

<p>Secretes a fluid that makes up most of the components of the semen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bulbourethral gland?

<p>Secretes a thick and clear mucus that lubricates and neutralizes any trace of acidic urine in the urethra (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the prostate gland?

<p>Secretes a slightly alkaline milky fluid that is discharged as part of the semen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the endocrine system consists of?

<p>The endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete different types of hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pituitary gland located?

<p>at the base of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the thyroid gland located?

<p>below the voice box</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the adrenal gland located?

<p>on top of the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pancreas located?

<p>between the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the testes located

<p>lower abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the ovaries located?

<p>lower abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does pituitary gland release?

<p>Oxytocin, Vasopressin, Growth Hormone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Thyroid release?

<p>Thyroxin, Calcitonin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA is single stranded

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sugar in RNA?

<p>Ribose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these nitrogenous bases are contained in DNA, but not RNA?

<p>Thymine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of RNA?

<p>messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Reproductive System

System involved in sexual reproduction, differing between males and females but sharing embryological origins and some hormones.

Testis

Male reproductive organ that produces sperm cells.

Scrotum

Sac of skin that holds the testis.

Penis

Male organ that deposits sperm into the vagina during mating.

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Vas Deferens

Tube that carries sperm from the testis to the urethra.

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Urethra

Tube that carries both sperm and urine out of the body in males.

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Male Reproductive Glands

Glands that provide liquid for sperm to swim in (seminal vesicle, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland)

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Ovary

Produces egg cells.

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Oviduct (Fallopian tube)

Passageway for eggs from the ovary to the uterus; site of fertilization.

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Uterus

Site of egg implantation and development of the fertilized egg.

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Vagina

Receives the penis of male during mating.

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Puberty

Onset of sexual maturity and ability to reproduce.

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Endocrine System

System of glands that secrete hormones to regulate body functions.

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Hormones

Chemicals secreted by endocrine glands into the bloodstream.

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Pituitary Gland

Stimulates growth and controls other glands.

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Thyroid Gland

Regulates body metabolism and calcium storage.

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Parathyroid Gland

Controls calcium levels and normalizes bone growth.

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Thymus Gland

Enables the body to produce certain antibodies.

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Adrenal Gland

Prepares the body for action and controls heart rate and breathing in emergencies.

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Pancreas

Regulates blood sugar levels.

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Testes (Endocrine Function)

Control maturation and male characteristics.

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Ovaries (Endocrine Function)

Influence female traits and support reproductive function.

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Hypothalamus

Brain regulatory center that directs the pituitary gland.

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Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Stimulates gonads to produce sex hormones and release egg cell.

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Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Stimulates sex organs to produce gametes or sex cells.

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Estrogen

Primarily female sex hormone; stimulates sex drive.

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Progesterone

Hormone released by the corpus luteum in the ovary; vital for the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

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DNA Components

Three types of component molecules: phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base.

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Nucleotide

Molecule containing a phosphate group, sugar molecule, and nitrogenous base.

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Types of RNA

mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA.

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Growth Hormone

The hormone that stimulates growth and controls the functions of other glands.

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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex.

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Prolactin

Hormone that stimulates milk production.

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Calcitonin

Causes storage of calcium in bones.

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Adrenaline

Prepares the body for action and controls heart rate when in emergency.

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Testosterone

Primary male sex hormone that controls maturation.

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Seminal Vesicle Fluid

Fluid secreted by the seminal vesicle makes up most of the components of the semen.

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Prostate Gland Fluid

Slightly alkaline milky fluid secreted as part of the semen.

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Bulbourethral Gland Fluid

Thick, clear mucus that lubricates and neutralizes any trace of acidic urine in the urethra.

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Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates the pituitary gland.

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Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

A single-stranded nucleic acid similar to DNA, but containing ribose sugar and uracil.

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Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Forms ribosomes and helps assemble amino acids in the correct sequence.

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Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Transports amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into a protein.

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Transcription

Process where the DNA sequence directs the order of nucleotides in messenger RNA.

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Translation

Process of converting the information in messenger RNA into a sequence of amino acids to create a protein.

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Codon

Sequence of three nucleotide bases that represents a code, which determines which amino acid will be added to the protein chain during protein synthesis.

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Endocrine system function

The glands secrete different types of hormones that affect almost every cell, organ, and function of our body.

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Oxytocin

Hormone involved in stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.

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Vasopressin

Hormone that regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys.

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Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

The process by which DNA directs production of proteins and mRNA formation.

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Hypothalamus-Pituitary Axis

The process by which the hypothalamus interacts with the pituitary gland to regulate the reproductive system.

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Ribose Sugar

The most common sugar found in RNA.

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Guanine

One of the 4 nitrogenous bases that forms part of both the DNA molecule and the RNA molecule

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Parathyromone

The hormone that regulates the calcium levels in the body

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Androgens

Controls the maturation and male characteristics

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Study Notes

Male Reproductive System

  • The cross-sectional side view shows the integration with the excretory system.
  • Testes produce sperm cells.
  • The scrotum is a sac of skin that supports the testes.
  • The penis deposits sperm into the vagina during mating.
  • The vas deferens (tube) transports sperm from the testes to the urethra.
  • The urethra carries both sperm and urine out of the body.

Glands

  • Seminal vesicles provide fluid for sperm motility and secrete most of the semen's components.
  • The prostate gland secretes a slightly alkaline milky fluid, part of semen.
  • Bulbourethral glands secrete a thick, clear mucus that lubricates and neutralizes acidic urine in the urethra.

Female Reproductive System

  • Key components include the ovaries, oviducts (Fallopian tubes), uterus, vagina, and external genitalia.
  • The uterus and vagina are centrally located, with an ovary on each side.
  • Ovaries produce egg cells.
  • Oviducts transport eggs to the uterus and are the site of fertilization.
  • The uterus supports egg implantation and fetal development.
  • The vagina receives the male's penis during mating.
  • Puberty marks the onset of sexual maturity and reproductive capability.
  • Egg cell development begins in the ovaries and the body becomes capable of conceiving.

The Endocrine System

  • Hormones circulate in the bloodstream, affecting cells, organs, and overall function.
  • It regulates growth, development, metabolism, reproduction, and mood.
  • The endocrine system's effects are slower compared to the nervous system.

Endocrine Glands and Hormones

  • Pituitary: Located at the base of the brain, it releases hormones such as oxytocin, vasopressin, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
  • Thyroid: Situated below the voice box releases thyroxin and calcitonin to regulate metabolism and calcium storage.
  • Parathyroid: In the neck, it releases parathyromone, controlling calcium levels.
  • Thymus: Located in front of the heart, it releases thymosin to enable antibody production.
  • Adrenal: On top of the kidneys, it releases adrenaline to prepare the body for action and controls heart rate and breathing during emergencies.
  • Pancreas: Positioned between the kidneys, it releases insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar.
  • Reproductive glands (testes/ovaries): Testes in the lower abdomen release androgen and testosterone. Ovaries release estrogen and progesterone, influencing sex characteristics.
  • The Pituitary stimulates growth and controls functions of other glands.

Effects of Hormones in the Body

  • Hormones coordinate organ, tissue, and cell functions.
  • The endocrine system influences heart function, tissue development, and fertility along with playing a role in diabetes, thyroid disease, growth and sexual disorders.
  • During puberty, hormonal changes result in mood swings.
  • An imbalance may result in disorders.
  • Hormones regulate growth, appearance, emotions, and reproduction,.

Hormones Involved in Female and Male Reproductive Systems

  • Hypothalamus regulates and directs the pituitary gland.
  • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the pituitary to release luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
  • LH stimulates sex hormone production and egg release.
  • FSH stimulates gamete production.
  • Estrogen stimulates sex drive, and progesterone, released by the ovary's luteum, affects the menstrual cycle, and prepares for pregnancy.

DNA and RNA

  • DNA component molecules combine with the sugar deoxyribose molecules to create the bases adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.
  • Nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA, are composed of a phosphate group, a sugar molecule, and one of four bases. Across helix strands, A pairs with T and G pairs with C.
  • Instead of thymine, RNA includes uracil.

RNA Types Explained

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries information from the DNA to ribosomes.
  • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosomal protein form ribosomes that connects to the bases on mRNA, assembling amino acids.
  • Transfer RNA (tRNA) supplies amino acids to the ribosome for protein assembly
  • DNA directs the order of nucleotides in messenger RNA through a process called transcription.
  • Translation is the process of converting information of mRNA to make a sequence of amino acids that make a protein.
  • Each group of three nucleotide bases represents a codon stop signal that is picked up by mRNA and carried from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

The Genetic Code

  • Codons are picked up by mRNA and carried from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and has its complement anticodon in tRNA.
  • Each synthesized amino acid that will form the protein molecule is determined by the triplet code of codon on mRNA.

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Reproductive and Endocrine Systems - Science Reviewer PDF

Description

Explore the anatomy and function of the male reproductive system. Learn about the roles of the testes, scrotum, penis, and vas deferens in sperm production and delivery. Understand the contribution of glands like the seminal vesicle and prostate.

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