Male Reproductive Physiology - Lecture 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the testes within the male reproductive system?

  • Spermatogenesis and hormone production (correct)
  • Transport of sperm and urine
  • Production of seminal fluid
  • Regulation of penis size

    • What structure aids in the maturation and storage of sperm?

  • Epididymis (correct)
  • Seminal vesicles
  • Vas deferens
  • Prostate gland

    • Which of the following glands is not classified as an accessory sex gland?

  • Bulbourethral gland
  • Prostate gland
  • Sertoli cells (correct)
  • Seminal vesicles

    • Which structure encloses the testes and helps maintain their temperature?

    <p>Scrotum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component is not a part of the male reproductive system's duct system?

    <p>Seminal vesicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lobules are typically present within the testes?

    <p>300 to 400</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer lies beneath the tunica vaginalis surrounding the testes?

    <p>Tunica albuginea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is NOT produced by the accessory sex glands?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which contraceptive method is designed to physically block sperm from reaching the egg?

    <p>Intrauterine device (IUD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods of contraception is considered least effective in preventing pregnancy?

    <p>Withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason for counseling on contraceptive methods?

    <p>To plan for future pregnancies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following contraceptive methods can be applicable to both males and females?

    <p>Condom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the contraceptive patch work?

    <p>Prevents ovulation by releasing hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which contraceptive method primarily relies on hormonal disruption?

    <p>Combined oral contraceptive pills (COC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surgical procedure is described as male sterilization?

    <p>Vasectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which contraceptive method can impair implantation of an embryo?

    <p>Intrauterine device (IUD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the acrosome in sperm?

    <p>To facilitate sperm penetration of the ovum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the metabolic activity of the midpiece of sperm?

    <p>It contains mitochondria for ATP production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time frame for one complete cycle of spermatogenesis?

    <p>64-72 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence does a high temperature have on sperm function?

    <p>It has detrimental effects on sperm function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sperm are typically produced each day?

    <p>100 to 300 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of sperm is primarily responsible for motility?

    <p>The tail (flagellum)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During capacitation, which two components improve the sperm's function?

    <p>Increased motility and fertilization ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the enzymes found in the acrosome of sperm?

    <p>To assist in the degradation of the ovum's outer layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of spermatogonia undergoing mitotic division?

    <p>Creation of primary spermatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones stimulate spermatogenesis during active sexual life?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Sertoli cells in the maturation of spermatozoa?

    <p>Secreting nutrients essential for sperm maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During meiosis in primary spermatocytes, the number of chromosomes is reduced to what?

    <p>23 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents bloodborne substances from reaching the germ cells in the testes?

    <p>Blood–testis barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What final transformation do spermatids undergo to become mature spermatozoa?

    <p>Spermiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the substances secreted by Sertoli cells that plays a role in hormone regulation?

    <p>Androgen-binding protein (ABP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the haploid number of chromosomes present in mature spermatozoa?

    <p>23 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Male Reproductive Physiology - Lecture 1

    • The male reproductive system has two main components: the gonads (testes) and accessory glands and ducts.
    • The system includes the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra, penis, and scrotum.
    • The vas deferens is a thick, muscular tube bundled with connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves to form the spermatic cord.
    • Accessory sex glands include seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands (Cowper's glands).
    • The main function of the gonads is spermatogenesis (sperm production) and sex hormone production, which support reproduction.
    • The ducts are responsible for transporting sperm and semen. The epididymis aids in sperm storage, maturation, and motility acquisition.
    • Accessory sex glands produce seminal plasma with components like fructose, citric acid, calcium, prostaglandins, and fibrinogen.
    • The penis is the male organ of copulation.

    Male Reproductive Physiology - Structure of Testes

    • Testes are paired oval structures (approximately 4-5 cm in length).
    • They are housed in the scrotum, which helps maintain temperature 2-4°C below core body temperature for optimal sperm production.
    • Two layers surround the testes: the outer tunica vaginalis (a serous membrane) and the inner tunica albuginea (a dense connective tissue layer).
    • The tunica albuginea divides the testis into 300-400 lobules containing seminiferous tubules.
    • Seminiferous tubules are coiled, each averaging more than half a meter long.

    Male Reproductive Physiology - Spermatogenesis

    • Spermatogenesis occurs in seminiferous tubules during active sexual life, stimulated by GnRH, FSH, and LH.
    • Spermatogonia undergo mitotic division and differentiation at puberty forming primary spermatocytes.
    • Primary spermatocytes undergo meiotic division, reducing the chromosome number to 23.
    • Resultant spermatids mature to spermatozoa (sperm) through spermiogenesis within the Sertoli cells.
    • Sertoli cells are crucial to sperm production, supplying nutrients and other important factors.
    • A blood-testis barrier created by tight junctions in Sertoli cells isolates developing germ cells and prevents an immune response.
    • Leydig (interstitial) cells produce testosterone, essential for spermatogenesis.
    • One spermatogenesis cycle takes 64-72 days.
    • Acidic medium and high temperatures can harm sperm function.

    Male Reproductive Physiology - Structure of Sperm

    • Sperm structure consists of a head, midpiece, and tail.
    • Sperm head contains the nucleus, acrosome (cap), and centriole.
    • The midpiece houses mitochondria, supplying energy for motility.
    • The tail (flagellum) allows movement using the flagellum's back-and-forth movement.
    • Acrosome contains enzymes (e.g., hyaluronidase) crucial for fertilization.
    • Upon ejaculation, sperm undergo capacitation within the female reproductive tract, increasing motility and readiness for fertilization.

    Male Reproductive Physiology - Contraception

    • Contraception methods prevent pregnancy through various mechanisms.
    • Methods include hormonal disruption (e.g., oral contraceptives), blockage of passageways (e.g., barrier methods), or preventing implantation.
    • Intrauterine devices (IUDs) and surgical methods (e.g., vasectomy, salpingectomy) are also options.
    • Considerations include efficacy, safety, acceptability, availability, pregnancy plans, health status, side effects, and risks, during counseling.
    • Methods are available for both females and males

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    Male Reproductive Physiology Lecture 1 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the first lecture on male reproductive physiology, focusing on the anatomy and function of the male reproductive system. Key components include the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and accessory glands. Understand the roles of various structures in sperm production and transportation.

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