Male and Female Reproductive System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the pampiniform plexus in the male reproductive system?

  • To cool arterial blood supply to the testis (correct)
  • To store sperm until ejaculation
  • To produce seminal fluid
  • To transport sperm from the testis

    • Which duct directly connects the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct?

  • Duct of the Epididymis
  • Ductus Deferens (correct)
  • Efferent Ductules
  • Urethra

    • During ejaculation, how does the internal urethral sphincter function?

  • Facilitates sperm transport to the prostate
  • Allows urine to mix with semen
  • Regulates fluid secretion from the prostate gland
  • Prevents urine from mixing with semen (correct)

    • What role do seminal vesicles play in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Secrete fluid into the ejaculatory ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the ejaculatory duct?

    <p>To carry sperm and seminal fluid to the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms after the ruptured follicle collapses?

    <p>Corpus luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur?

    <p>It transforms into corpus albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the uterine tube is responsible for capturing the ovulated oocyte?

    <p>Infundibulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure connects the uterus to the vagina?

    <p>Cervical canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the uterine wall is responsible for inducing labor contractions?

    <p>Myometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the stratum functionalis of the endometrium?

    <p>Shed during menstruation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shapes the lumen of the uterus?

    <p>Triangular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the uterus?

    <p>Harboring the fetus during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligaments are responsible for supporting the cervix and upper vagina?

    <p>Cardinal ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does endometrial thickening primarily occur due to progesterone?

    <p>Secretory Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of spiral arteries in the uterus?

    <p>They regulate blood flow in the endometrial mucosa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Necrosis of the stratum functionalis occurs due to artery spasms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is located between the uterus and the bladder?

    <p>Vesicouterine pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Bulbourethral (Cowper) glands?

    <p>To lubricate the penis and neutralize urine acidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which erectile tissue surrounds the urethra and forms the glans of the penis?

    <p>Corpus spongiosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural change occurs to the ovaries during reproductive years?

    <p>They become corrugated due to follicular growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The role of the internal pudendal arteries within the penis is to supply what?

    <p>Erectile tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament connects the medial ovary to the uterus?

    <p>Ovarian ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of egg production in females called?

    <p>Oogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ovaries after menopause?

    <p>They largely consist of scar tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erection in the penis is primarily caused by which type of neural activation?

    <p>Parasympathetic activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which cycle does ovulation typically occur?

    <p>Menstrual cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs is classified as a primary sex organ in males?

    <p>Testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the testes in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To produce sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the male reproductive system helps regulate testicular temperature?

    <p>Scrotum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Sertoli cells in the testes?

    <p>Provide nutrients to germ cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the pampiniform plexus in the scrotum?

    <p>To cool arterial blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the beginning of a new menstrual cycle?

    <p>The first day of discharge of menstrual fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase do the testes typically descend into the scrotum?

    <p>Inguinal Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer is NOT part of the vagina's structure?

    <p>Submucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contained within the seminiferous tubules of the testes?

    <p>Germ cells and sustentacular cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glycogen produced by the vaginal epithelium?

    <p>Fermentation into lactic acid to inhibit pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary function does the epididymis serve in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Maturation and storage of sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is not part of the external female genitalia?

    <p>Vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle moves the testes closer or farther from the body in the scrotum?

    <p>Cremaster muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the greater vestibular (Bartholin) glands?

    <p>Lubrication during arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are interstitial cells in the testes primarily responsible for?

    <p>Producing testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes primary sex organs from secondary sex organs in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Primary organs produce gametes, while secondary organs are for storage and transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a function of the clitoris?

    <p>Enhances sexual stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about homologous organs is true?

    <p>They have different functions in males and females.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary anatomical feature of the vagina that enhances stimulation?

    <p>Rugae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Male Reproductive System

    • Key takeaway: Read the presentation and complete the quizzes.
    • Important male organs and functions are discussed.
    • Location of important structures is marked.

    Sexual Reproduction

    • Two parents produce genetically unique offspring.
    • Gametes include sperm (small, motile, DNA-rich) and egg (large, nutrient-rich).
    • Humans are classified by chromosomes (XY for male, XX for female).

    Reproductive System Overview

    • The female system produces eggs throughout a 128-day cycle.
    • The male system produces and delivers sperm.
    • Fertilization occurs when sperm and egg combine.
    • The fetus develops and is nourished within the female system.
    • Offspring is born.

    Reproductive System Overview (cont.)

    • Key organs for males: testes, which produce sperm.
    • Key organs for females: ovaries, which produce eggs.
    • Secondary sex organs include ducts, glands, penis, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina.
    • These structures support, store and transport sperm and eggs or support the fetal development.

    Male Genital Organs

    • Diagram showing urethra, bladder, and rectum relationships in the male.
    • Prostate gland and seminal vesicle duct are identified

    Male Perineum

    • Different regions of perineum are described
    • Diagram showing the regions

    Scrotum

    • The testes are housed within the scrotum.
    • The scrotum is divided into compartments.
    • There is a perineal raphe (a seam) externally.

    Scrotum (cont.)

    • Cremaster muscles
    • Muscles of the scrotum
    • Temperature regulation of the testes is important for sperm production.

    Scrotum (cont.)

    • The spermatic cord runs through the inguinal canal
    • Spermatic cord: structures that carry blood vessels, lymph, nerves, tissue.
    • The cord enters the pelvic cavity.

    Scrotum (cont.)

    • The scrotum regulates temperature.
    • Mechanisms include: Cremaster muscle, dartos muscle, pampiniform plexus
    • Temperature regulation is essential for sperm production.

    Testis

    • Oval organs (approximately 4 cm x 3 cm x 2.5 cm).
    • Covered by tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea.
    • Divided into lobules containing seminiferous tubules.
    • Seminiferous tubules produce sperm.

    Testis (cont.)

    • Testis development stages: Abdominal phase, Inguinal phase and Scrotal phase
    • Abdominal phase describes initial development near kidneys.
    • Inguinal phase describes the descent through the inguinal canal.
    • Scrotal phase describes the final position in the scrotum.

    Testis (cont.)

    • Testicular artery: supplies blood.
    • Venous drainage: Pampiniform plexus
    • Veins drain into the right and left vena cava

    Ducts

    • Sperm travels through several ducts to reach the urethra.
    • Efferent ductules, duct of the epididymis, ductus deferens (vas deferens).
    • Ejaculatory duct
    • Urethra

    Accessory Glands

    • Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands.
    • These glands secrete fluids into the ducts that mix with sperm to produce semen.

    Penis

    • Functions to deposit semen into the vagina.
    • External parts include shaft and glans.
    • Internal parts include corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum.
    • Blood supply via internal pudendal arteries.
    • Erection involves filling of erectile tissue with blood.

    Penis (cont.)

    • The penis is composed of erectile tissue.
    • These tissues engorge with blood to cause an erection.

    Female Reproductive System

    • The system is designed for egg production and pregnancy

    Reproductive System Overview (females)

    • Analogous structures are highlighted.

    Ovarium

    • Produce ova and sex hormones.
    • Located in the ovarian fossa of the posterior pelvic wall.
    • Internally it has cortex and medulla.

    Ovarium (cont.)

    • The ovaries are supported by ovarian, suspensory, and mesovarian ligaments.
    • Ovaries receive blood from branches of the uterine artery

    Ovarium (cont.)

    • Oogenesis: process of egg production through meiosis.
    • Cyclic production of ovums.
    • Production of one ovum at a time, unlike the constantly produced sperms.

    Ovarium (cont.)

    • Ovulation occurs around day 14 of the menstrual cycle.
    • Phases include follicle rupture, corpus luteum formation, and other conditions.

    Uterine Tubes

    • The structure is described with functional anatomy.
    • The uterine tubes receive the egg.
    • The tubes are connected to the uterus

    Uterus

    • Thick muscular chamber and a typical tilted structure over the bladder.
    • It's responsible for pregnancy support, nutrition delivery, and expulsion of the fetus.
    • The wall has three layers: perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium.

    Uterus (cont.)

    • The uterus is supported by various ligaments and peritoneal folds.
    • Peritoneal pouches: vesicouterine pouch and rectouterine (or Douglas) pouch.

    Uterus (cont.)

    • The uterine blood supply is crucial for the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
    • Branching of the arteries and their distribution is described.

    Uterus (cont.)

    • The histology of the uterus changes throughout the menstrual cycle.
    • Phases of the cycle include menstruation (shedding), proliferative, and secretory.
    • The changes in tissues are described.

    Vagina

    • Tube-like structure, supporting sexual intercourse and childbirth.
    • Lacks glands and is lubricated through transudation and cervical mucus.
    • Three layers: adventitia, muscularis, mucosa.

    Vagina (cont.)

    • The vagina has transverse ridges, or rugae.
    • These ridges enhance sensitivity during intercourse.
    • The hymen is a membrane that may partially cover the vaginal opening.

    External Genitalia

    • Structures of the female external genitalia
    • Mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, vestibule, clitoris

    Homologous Organs

    • Structures like the clitoris and ovaries have similar embryonic origins
    • The discussion focuses on their roles in the reproductive system

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the male and female reproductive systems with this quiz. Questions cover functions, anatomy, and hormonal influences in both systems. Perfect for students studying biology or health sciences.

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