Malaria Treatment and ACT Overview

Study Notes

Treatment Overview

P. vivax: First-line treatment consists of Chloroquine combined with Primaquine.
- Chloroquine: Administer 25 mg/kg over three days.
- Primaquine: Dosage 0.25 mg/kg for 14 days, with alternative dosing options (DI: 10 mg/kg, Da: 10 mg/kg, D3: 5 mg/kg).
P. falciparum: Treated with Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT), as Chloroquine is ineffective.
- Two types of ACT: ACT-SP and ACT-AL.

ACT Components

A - Artemether: A key component of ACT.
L - Lumefantrine: Another essential component in ACT.
S - Sulphadoxine: Part of the ACT regimen.
P - Pyromethamine: Included in combination therapies for P. falciparum.

Drug Dosages

Artesunate: Administer 4 mg/kg for three consecutive days.
Primaquine: Administer 0.75 mg/kg on Day of Assessment (Da).

Regional Treatment Guidelines

Outside the North-East: Treat with ACT-SP for three days, combined with Primaquine on Da.
North-Eastern States: Use ACT-AL for three days, also with Primaquine on Da.

Treatment Regimen Highlights

Initial Day (DI): Administer A, S, P on the first day; follow with Artesunate on Days 2 and 3, and Primaquine on Da.

P. falciparum and Pregnancy

First Trimester: Treat with Quinine salt.
Second and Third Trimester: Administer area-specific ACT to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Contraindications for Primaquine

Pregnancy: Use is not safe.
Infants: Contraindicated for young children.
G-6 PD deficiency: Cannot be used in patients with this condition.

Mixed Infections Treatment

For co-infection of P. falciparum and P. vivax: Administer area-specific ACT for three days alongside Primaquine for 14 days.

Description

This quiz covers the treatment options for malaria, focusing on P. Vivax and P. Falciparum. Learn about the recommended drugs, dosages, and the details of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT). Test your knowledge on effective malaria management.