Malaria Disease and Treatment

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Questions and Answers

Which species of Plasmodium is responsible for most deaths and predominates in Africa, New Guinea, and Haiti?

  • P. malariae
  • P. ovale
  • P. vivax
  • P. falciparum (correct)

In which region are P. falciparum and P. vivax equally prevalent?

  • Central America
  • Africa
  • The Indian subcontinent
  • South America, eastern Asia, and Oceania (correct)

Which species of Plasmodium does not cause relapse?

  • P. malariae
  • P. falciparum (correct)
  • P. knowlesi
  • P. ovale

What is the duration of the intrahepatic phase of P. vivax in days?

<p>8 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred red cell type for P. vivax?

<p>Reticulocytes and cells up to 2 weeks old (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do humans become infected with Plasmodium?

<p>Through the bite of an infected mosquito (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of malaria?

<p>infected female Anopheles mosquito bite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate duration of the intrahepatic phase of P. falciparum?

<p>5.5 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species of Plasmodium is responsible for most deaths?

<p>P. falciparum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical morphology of P. falciparum in red blood cells?

<p>usually only ring forms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of merozoites released per infected hepatocyte?

<p>30,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the erythrocytic cycle of P. falciparum?

<p>48 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when parasitized erythrocytes that have evaded splenic filtration rupture?

<p>Macrophages release proinflammatory cytokines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gametocytes in the malaria parasite life cycle?

<p>To transmit malaria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which species of Plasmodium does a delay occur before the switch to gametocytogenesis?

<p>P. falciparum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the oocyst expanding by sexual division in the mosquito's gut wall?

<p>The bursting and liberation of sporozoites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of infected erythrocytes in P. vivax infection?

<p>They are enlarged and oval with tufted ends (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can P. vivax infection cause relapses?

<p>Yes, it is possible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the liver cells after a period of asexual reproduction of the parasites?

<p>They rupture and release merozoites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what density of parasites in the blood does the symptomatic phase of infection begin?

<p>50/uL of blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Duffy group antigen in P vivax infection?

<p>It is a receptor for merozoite attachment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the RBCs after they are invaded by merozoites?

<p>They rupture and release daughter merozoites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of disease in humans in malaria?

<p>The asexual parasite's invasion and destruction of RBCs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism plays a role in malaria in nonimmune individuals?

<p>Nonspecific host defense mechanism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of merozoites released per infected hepatocyte in malariae?

<p>15,000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the erythrocytic cycle in malariae?

<p>72 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic preference of malariae when it comes to red cell selection?

<p>Older cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical color of the pigment produced by malariae?

<p>Brown-black (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical manifestation of uncomplicated malariae?

<p>Mild anemia and palpable spleen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of severe falciparum malaria?

<p>Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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