Malaria Disease and Treatment
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Questions and Answers

Which species of Plasmodium is responsible for most deaths and predominates in Africa, New Guinea, and Haiti?

  • P. malariae
  • P. ovale
  • P. vivax
  • P. falciparum (correct)

    • In which region are P. falciparum and P. vivax equally prevalent?

  • Central America
  • Africa
  • The Indian subcontinent
  • South America, eastern Asia, and Oceania (correct)

    • Which species of Plasmodium does not cause relapse?

  • P. malariae
  • P. falciparum (correct)
  • P. knowlesi
  • P. ovale

    • What is the duration of the intrahepatic phase of P. vivax in days?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred red cell type for P. vivax?

    <p>Reticulocytes and cells up to 2 weeks old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do humans become infected with Plasmodium?

    <p>Through the bite of an infected mosquito</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of malaria?

    <p>infected female Anopheles mosquito bite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate duration of the intrahepatic phase of P. falciparum?

    <p>5.5 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species of Plasmodium is responsible for most deaths?

    <p>P. falciparum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical morphology of P. falciparum in red blood cells?

    <p>usually only ring forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of merozoites released per infected hepatocyte?

    <p>30,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the erythrocytic cycle of P. falciparum?

    <p>48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when parasitized erythrocytes that have evaded splenic filtration rupture?

    <p>Macrophages release proinflammatory cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of gametocytes in the malaria parasite life cycle?

    <p>To transmit malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which species of Plasmodium does a delay occur before the switch to gametocytogenesis?

    <p>P. falciparum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the oocyst expanding by sexual division in the mosquito's gut wall?

    <p>The bursting and liberation of sporozoites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of infected erythrocytes in P. vivax infection?

    <p>They are enlarged and oval with tufted ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can P. vivax infection cause relapses?

    <p>Yes, it is possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the liver cells after a period of asexual reproduction of the parasites?

    <p>They rupture and release merozoites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what density of parasites in the blood does the symptomatic phase of infection begin?

    <p>50/uL of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Duffy group antigen in P vivax infection?

    <p>It is a receptor for merozoite attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the RBCs after they are invaded by merozoites?

    <p>They rupture and release daughter merozoites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of disease in humans in malaria?

    <p>The asexual parasite's invasion and destruction of RBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism plays a role in malaria in nonimmune individuals?

    <p>Nonspecific host defense mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of merozoites released per infected hepatocyte in malariae?

    <p>15,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the erythrocytic cycle in malariae?

    <p>72 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic preference of malariae when it comes to red cell selection?

    <p>Older cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical color of the pigment produced by malariae?

    <p>Brown-black</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical manifestation of uncomplicated malariae?

    <p>Mild anemia and palpable spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of severe falciparum malaria?

    <p>Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

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