30 Questions
Which species of Plasmodium is responsible for most deaths and predominates in Africa, New Guinea, and Haiti?
P. falciparum
In which region are P. falciparum and P. vivax equally prevalent?
South America, eastern Asia, and Oceania
Which species of Plasmodium does not cause relapse?
P. falciparum
What is the duration of the intrahepatic phase of P. vivax in days?
8
What is the preferred red cell type for P. vivax?
Reticulocytes and cells up to 2 weeks old
How do humans become infected with Plasmodium?
Through the bite of an infected mosquito
What is the primary mode of transmission of malaria?
infected female Anopheles mosquito bite
What is the approximate duration of the intrahepatic phase of P. falciparum?
5.5 days
Which species of Plasmodium is responsible for most deaths?
P. falciparum
What is the typical morphology of P. falciparum in red blood cells?
usually only ring forms
What is the approximate number of merozoites released per infected hepatocyte?
30,000
What is the duration of the erythrocytic cycle of P. falciparum?
48 hours
What happens when parasitized erythrocytes that have evaded splenic filtration rupture?
Macrophages release proinflammatory cytokines
What is the function of gametocytes in the malaria parasite life cycle?
To transmit malaria
In which species of Plasmodium does a delay occur before the switch to gametocytogenesis?
P. falciparum
What is the result of the oocyst expanding by sexual division in the mosquito's gut wall?
The bursting and liberation of sporozoites
What is characteristic of infected erythrocytes in P. vivax infection?
They are enlarged and oval with tufted ends
Can P. vivax infection cause relapses?
Yes, it is possible
What happens to the liver cells after a period of asexual reproduction of the parasites?
They rupture and release merozoites
At what density of parasites in the blood does the symptomatic phase of infection begin?
50/uL of blood
What is the role of the Duffy group antigen in P vivax infection?
It is a receptor for merozoite attachment
What happens to the RBCs after they are invaded by merozoites?
They rupture and release daughter merozoites
What is the primary cause of disease in humans in malaria?
The asexual parasite's invasion and destruction of RBCs
What mechanism plays a role in malaria in nonimmune individuals?
Nonspecific host defense mechanism
What is the approximate number of merozoites released per infected hepatocyte in malariae?
15,000
What is the duration of the erythrocytic cycle in malariae?
72 hours
What is the characteristic preference of malariae when it comes to red cell selection?
Older cells
What is the typical color of the pigment produced by malariae?
Brown-black
What is a common clinical manifestation of uncomplicated malariae?
Mild anemia and palpable spleen
What is a complication of severe falciparum malaria?
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
This quiz covers the characteristics and aetiology of malaria, a protozoan disease transmitted by infected Anopheles mosquitoes. It's a major public health problem in tropical regions, causing significant mortality and morbidity. Test your knowledge of the disease and its treatment.
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