Malaria Treatment and Vaccine

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Which of the following medications is effective against primary and latent liver stages as well as gametocytes?

Atovaquone

Proguanil

Quinine

Primaquine (correct)

What percentage of deaths in the region are accounted for by children under 5?

70 %

90 %

60 %

80 % (correct)

What is the target of the RTS,S vaccine?

P. falciparum (correct)

P. malariae

P. ovale

P. vivax

What is the name of the vaccine approved by the WHO in October 2021?

RTS,S/AS01 vaccine Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of all malaria cases worldwide accounted for by the majority of countries in Africa?

95 % Signup and view all the answers

What is the category of drugs that includes Artemisinins, chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine, and quinidine?

General categories Signup and view all the answers

What is quinine effective against in terms of blood stages of malaria?

All four species of malaria Signup and view all the answers

What is the rare hypersensitivity reaction to quinine that can lead to anuria and renal failure?

Blackwater fever Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of quinine-induced hypoglycemia?

Stimulation of insulin release Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for quinine use?

Underlying cardiac abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential interaction between quinine and another medication?

Quinine raises the plasma levels of warfarin and digoxin Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line therapy for Babesia microti infection, in combination with clindamycin?

Quinine Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial diagnosis of the 31-year-old woman who presented with a fever and chills after returning from a trip to Brazil?

Mixed infection of P. malariae and P. falciparum Signup and view all the answers

Why was the infant not treated with primaquine?

The infant was not exposed to the sporozoite Signup and view all the answers

What was the reason for inducing labor in the 31-year-old woman?

Fetal distress Signup and view all the answers

What was the diagnosis of the 40-year-old Nigerian woman who was admitted at 36 weeks of pregnancy?

Placental malaria Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of terminal prophylaxis in the treatment of malaria?

To prevent relapse Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications was used to treat the 31-year-old woman after the revised diagnosis of P. vivax?

Chloroquine Signup and view all the answers

What is the common tick-borne disease that can cause hemolytic anemia and fever in the Northeastern United States?

Babesiosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of mefloquine?

Unknown Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of mefloquine?

Hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of mefloquine?

Long, several days Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for mefloquine metabolites?

Fecal excretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of mefloquine in malaria treatment and prevention?

Treatment of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum Signup and view all the answers

What is the approved indication for Tafenoquine?

Prevention of relapse of P.vivax or P.ovale malaria Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of Primaquine?

Nausea and epigastric pain Signup and view all the answers

Why is Primaquine contraindicated in pregnancy?

The fetus is relatively G6PD-deficient and thus at risk of hemolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Atovaquone?

It acts selectively on the mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory test should be performed before administering Primaquine?

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency test Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for the combination of Primaquine with clindamycin?

P.jiroveci pneumonia Signup and view all the answers