Malaria Treatment and Vaccine

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following medications is effective against primary and latent liver stages as well as gametocytes?

  • Atovaquone
  • Proguanil
  • Quinine
  • Primaquine (correct)

What percentage of deaths in the region are accounted for by children under 5?

  • 70 %
  • 90 %
  • 60 %
  • 80 % (correct)

What is the target of the RTS,S vaccine?

  • P. falciparum (correct)
  • P. malariae
  • P. ovale
  • P. vivax

What is the name of the vaccine approved by the WHO in October 2021?

<p>RTS,S/AS01 vaccine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of all malaria cases worldwide accounted for by the majority of countries in Africa?

<p>95 % (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the category of drugs that includes Artemisinins, chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine, and quinidine?

<p>General categories (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is quinine effective against in terms of blood stages of malaria?

<p>All four species of malaria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rare hypersensitivity reaction to quinine that can lead to anuria and renal failure?

<p>Blackwater fever (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of quinine-induced hypoglycemia?

<p>Stimulation of insulin release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for quinine use?

<p>Underlying cardiac abnormalities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential interaction between quinine and another medication?

<p>Quinine raises the plasma levels of warfarin and digoxin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line therapy for Babesia microti infection, in combination with clindamycin?

<p>Quinine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial diagnosis of the 31-year-old woman who presented with a fever and chills after returning from a trip to Brazil?

<p>Mixed infection of P. malariae and P. falciparum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was the infant not treated with primaquine?

<p>The infant was not exposed to the sporozoite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the reason for inducing labor in the 31-year-old woman?

<p>Fetal distress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the diagnosis of the 40-year-old Nigerian woman who was admitted at 36 weeks of pregnancy?

<p>Placental malaria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of terminal prophylaxis in the treatment of malaria?

<p>To prevent relapse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications was used to treat the 31-year-old woman after the revised diagnosis of P. vivax?

<p>Chloroquine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common tick-borne disease that can cause hemolytic anemia and fever in the Northeastern United States?

<p>Babesiosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of mefloquine?

<p>Unknown (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of mefloquine?

<p>Hypoglycemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of mefloquine?

<p>Long, several days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for mefloquine metabolites?

<p>Fecal excretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of mefloquine in malaria treatment and prevention?

<p>Treatment of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approved indication for Tafenoquine?

<p>Prevention of relapse of P.vivax or P.ovale malaria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of Primaquine?

<p>Nausea and epigastric pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Primaquine contraindicated in pregnancy?

<p>The fetus is relatively G6PD-deficient and thus at risk of hemolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Atovaquone?

<p>It acts selectively on the mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory test should be performed before administering Primaquine?

<p>Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for the combination of Primaquine with clindamycin?

<p>P.jiroveci pneumonia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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