Magnetism and Electric Current Effects

A substance that attracts iron or iron-like materials. It has two poles, north and south.

The two ends of a magnet, north and south, where magnetic force is strongest.

A scientist who discovered the connection between electricity and magnetism.

A small bar magnet that aligns with the Earth's magnetic field.

The region around a magnet or current-carrying wire where magnetic forces are present.

Lines representing the direction of the magnetic field.

A measure of the strength of the magnetic force in a given area.

A rule for determining the direction of the magnetic field around a current-carrying conductor.

A rule to determine the direction of the magnetic field around a current-carrying wire. Hold the wire with your right hand, thumb in the direction of the current; your fingers curl in the direction of the magnetic field.

A circular loop carrying a current produces concentric circles of magnetic field lines near the wire. The magnetic field lines within the loop point in the same direction.

The magnetic field at the center of a circular loop is directly proportional to the current and inversely proportional to the radius of the loop.

Adding multiple turns of wire (a coil) increases the magnetic field strength by 'n' times, where 'n' is the number of turns.

The strength of the magnetic field increases linearly with the current flowing through the conductor.

The strength of the magnetic field from a straight current-carrying wire decreases as the distance from the wire increases.

The magnetic field is additive. The magnetic field from each part of a loop adds up to determine the total magnetic field.

The magnetic field strength is directly proportional to the number of turns in a coil.

A rule to determine the magnetic polarity of a circular current-carrying coil. Clockwise current = South Pole, Anticlockwise current = North Pole.

A coil of wire wound closely in a cylindrical shape.

Resembles a bar magnet's field; one end is a north pole, the other a south pole.

A magnetic field with the same strength and direction at all points inside a long solenoid.

A solenoid with a magnetic material (like iron) inside, creating a stronger magnet.

Depends on the number of turns, current, and core material.

Decreases as you move towards the ends of the solenoid; field lines spread out.

Strengthening a magnetic material by placing it inside a solenoid with a current.

Electric current that flows in one direction.

Electric current that reverses its direction periodically.

The wire carrying the positive electrical potential in a circuit.

The wire carrying the negative electrical potential in a circuit.

A safety wire that connects electrical appliances to the ground.

A safety device that prevents damage by interrupting current flow when overloaded.

The process of supplying and distributing electric power to various parts of a home.

A circuit arrangement where each appliance is connected independently across the live and neutral wires.

A temporary magnet made of a soft iron core wrapped with a coil of insulated wire carrying an electric current.

The strength of an electromagnet depends on the number of turns in the coil, the current flowing through it, and the length of the air gap between its poles.

An electromagnet can be stronger and have its strength and polarity easily controlled, while a permanent magnet has a fixed strength and cannot easily change its polarity.

A current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field experiences a force perpendicular to both the current direction and the magnetic field direction.

Changing the current or magnetic field direction reverses the force direction on the conductor.

The force on a conductor is strongest when the conductor is perpendicular to the magnetic field.

A type of iron that quickly gains and loses magnetic properties, making it ideal for electromagnets.

Electric current creates its own magnetic field, allowing interaction with other magnetic fields.

When the current in a circuit exceeds the safe capacity, causing excessive heat and potential damage.

A direct connection between live and neutral wires, causing a high current flow and potential fire.

A circuit designed to handle high current needs (15 Amps), like geysers and ACs.

A circuit designed for low current needs (5 Amps), like lights and fans.

A device used to detect and measure current flow and direction.