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Questions and Answers
What is the process of using sunlight energy to create glucose called?
What is the process of using sunlight energy to create glucose called?
Where in the plant cell does photosynthesis primarily take place?
Where in the plant cell does photosynthesis primarily take place?
Which pigment is responsible for the green color of leaves and plays a key role in photosynthesis?
Which pigment is responsible for the green color of leaves and plays a key role in photosynthesis?
What are the two main functions of chloroplasts?
What are the two main functions of chloroplasts?
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Why do leaves primarily appear green to our eyes?
Why do leaves primarily appear green to our eyes?
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What is the molecular formula for glucose?
What is the molecular formula for glucose?
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Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is true?
Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is true?
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During photosynthesis, what do plants convert into glucose?
During photosynthesis, what do plants convert into glucose?
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What is the primary characteristic of passive transport?
What is the primary characteristic of passive transport?
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What happens when a cell is placed in a saline solution?
What happens when a cell is placed in a saline solution?
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Which process is a characteristic of active transport?
Which process is a characteristic of active transport?
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In facilitated diffusion, how do substances move across a plasma membrane?
In facilitated diffusion, how do substances move across a plasma membrane?
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What most likely occurs when a cell with 85% water is placed in a beaker with 65% water?
What most likely occurs when a cell with 85% water is placed in a beaker with 65% water?
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What role do transport proteins play in cellular transport?
What role do transport proteins play in cellular transport?
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What will happen to a cell in pure water?
What will happen to a cell in pure water?
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Which statement accurately describes diffusion?
Which statement accurately describes diffusion?
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What are the reactants in the photosynthesis process?
What are the reactants in the photosynthesis process?
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What is one of the primary products of photosynthesis?
What is one of the primary products of photosynthesis?
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What is the main purpose of chlorophyll in plants?
What is the main purpose of chlorophyll in plants?
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Which of these is NOT a source of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
Which of these is NOT a source of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
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Where does photosynthesis primarily take place in the plant?
Where does photosynthesis primarily take place in the plant?
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Which statement best describes the glucose produced in photosynthesis?
Which statement best describes the glucose produced in photosynthesis?
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What role does sunlight play in the photosynthesis process?
What role does sunlight play in the photosynthesis process?
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Which pigment is responsible for absorbing blue and red light during photosynthesis?
Which pigment is responsible for absorbing blue and red light during photosynthesis?
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What is the significance of oxygen in the photosynthesis process?
What is the significance of oxygen in the photosynthesis process?
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What is produced as a result of combining carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight?
What is produced as a result of combining carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight?
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Which of these statements is true regarding plants?
Which of these statements is true regarding plants?
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Which of the following factors can negatively affect photosynthesis?
Which of the following factors can negatively affect photosynthesis?
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What kind of energy is produced during the photosynthesis process?
What kind of energy is produced during the photosynthesis process?
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What is an example of a simple carbohydrate?
What is an example of a simple carbohydrate?
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What chemical is commonly used to test for lipids?
What chemical is commonly used to test for lipids?
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What is one function of a protein?
What is one function of a protein?
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Where are proteins primarily made in a cell?
Where are proteins primarily made in a cell?
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What is the primary monomer that makes up proteins?
What is the primary monomer that makes up proteins?
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Which of the following are reactants of photosynthesis?
Which of the following are reactants of photosynthesis?
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What is the primary energy source for photosynthesis?
What is the primary energy source for photosynthesis?
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What type of molecule do whales primarily use for energy storage?
What type of molecule do whales primarily use for energy storage?
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In which organelle does photosynthesis take place?
In which organelle does photosynthesis take place?
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What is the primary role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?
What is the primary role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?
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Why is the structure of an enzyme important?
Why is the structure of an enzyme important?
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Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration?
Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration?
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What is the main structural difference between plant and animal cells?
What is the main structural difference between plant and animal cells?
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What can alter an enzyme's structure affecting its function?
What can alter an enzyme's structure affecting its function?
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Which statement about ribosomes is true?
Which statement about ribosomes is true?
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What happens to enzymes after a biochemical reaction?
What happens to enzymes after a biochemical reaction?
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If a cell’s lysosomes were damaged, which of the following would occur?
If a cell’s lysosomes were damaged, which of the following would occur?
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How do enzymes increase the reaction rate?
How do enzymes increase the reaction rate?
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What is the typical characteristic of cell membranes in relation to certain molecules?
What is the typical characteristic of cell membranes in relation to certain molecules?
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Which of the following best describes the function of the cell membrane?
Which of the following best describes the function of the cell membrane?
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What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?
What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?
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What likely occurs to lettuce cells when salt is added to a salad?
What likely occurs to lettuce cells when salt is added to a salad?
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When does active transport typically occur in cells?
When does active transport typically occur in cells?
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What is the primary characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
What is the primary characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
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What is the monomer for proteins?
What is the monomer for proteins?
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What organelle is primarily involved in modifying and packaging proteins?
What organelle is primarily involved in modifying and packaging proteins?
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Which cellular structure supports and protects the plant cell?
Which cellular structure supports and protects the plant cell?
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What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
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Study Notes
Macromolecules
- Macromolecules are also called polymers.
- Carbohydrates are made of monosaccharides (single sugars).
- Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides.
- Proteins are made of amino acids.
- Lipids are made of fatty acids.
- Chloroplasts produce carbohydrates.
- Glucose is an example of a simple carbohydrate.
- The test for complex carbohydrates(starch) is using iodine.
- Lipids store energy and provide insulation.
- The test for lipids is using grease stain or brown paper.
- Proteins are made in ribosomes.
- Proteins have many functions, including structural support and catalyzing reactions.
- The test for proteins is called the biuret test.
- Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
- Examples of proteins include enzymes, hormones, and structural components.
- Whales use lipids for energy storage and insulation.
- Lipids are polymers made of monomers called fatty acids.
- Proteins are polymers made of monomers called amino acids.
Enzymes
- Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions.
- Enzymes reduce the activation energy needed for reactions to occur.
- Enzymes remain unchanged after a reaction.
- An enzyme's shape is important because it must fit with its substrate for a reaction to happen.
- Environmental factors like temperature and pH can alter enzyme shape and their functionality.
- Enzymes speed up reactions by providing a site for reactants to interact.
- A specific enzyme catalyzes a specific reaction because an enzyme's shape matches the specific substrate.
Cell Transport
- Passive transport does not require energy.
- Active transport requires energy.
- Diffusion is the movement of particles down a concentration gradient (from high to low concentration).
- Osmosis is the diffusion of water.
- Water moves from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration.
- Cell membranes are selectively permeable.
- Lettuce wilts when placed in a salty solution because water moves out of the cells.
- When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution (higher solute concentration outside the cell), water moves out of the cell causing the cell to shrink.
- When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution (lower solute concentration outside the cell), water moves into the cell causing the cell to swell.
- Facilitated diffusion is a passive transport mechanism that uses protein channels to help materials move across the membrane.
Cell Types
- Cells are the basic unit of life.
- All cells contain DNA.
- Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.
- Eukaryotes can be unicellular (e.g., protists) or multicellular (e.g., animals).
- Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
- Organelles are membrane-bound compartments within a cell.
- Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea.
- Key difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is the presence of membrane-bound organelles (particularly the nucleus).
- Plant cells and animal cells are examples of eukaryotic cells.
- Plant cells have chloroplasts and cell walls which animal cells do not possess.
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Description
Test your knowledge on macromolecules, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. This quiz will cover their structure, functions, and key characteristics. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of these essential biomolecules.
