Macromolecules Overview Quiz

A process where plants use sunlight energy to make glucose (sugar) from carbon dioxide and water.

Organelles within plant cells where photosynthesis takes place. They contain chlorophyll.

The pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs most colors of light, except green and yellow, which it reflects.

A simple sugar (C6H12O6) produced during photosynthesis, serving as food for plants.

The formula for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight --> C6H12O6 + 6O2. This means 6 molecules of carbon dioxide and 6 molecules of water react with sunlight to produce 1 molecule of glucose and 6 molecules of oxygen.

Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts, which are organelles found within plant cells. Specifically in the thylakoids and stroma of the chloroplast.

The main functions of chloroplasts are to produce glucose through photosynthesis and store food energy for the plant.

Leaves appear green because chlorophyll, a pigment found in chloroplasts, absorbs most colors of light but reflects green and yellow wavelengths making those colors visible to our eyes.

The substances used in photosynthesis, which are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).

The substances produced during photosynthesis, which are glucose (sugar) and oxygen (O2).

Sunlight is the primary energy source for photosynthesis.

Plant cells have chloroplasts, cell walls, and large vacuoles, while animal cells do not.

The gel-like fluid that fills the cell, holding organelles and providing a medium for chemical reactions.

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, protecting it and controlling what enters and leaves.

The control center of the cell, containing DNA and directing cell activities.

A network of folded membranes that transports molecules throughout the cell.

Tiny structures that synthesize proteins, the building blocks of the cell.

An organelle that processes, packages, and modifies proteins before they are transported to other parts of the cell.

A storage organelle for water, food, and waste, typically large in plant cells.

An organelle containing digestive enzymes, breaking down food and waste.

A thin outer layer that controls what enters and exits the cell.

Organelles that convert glucose into usable energy for the cell through cellular respiration.

A rigid outer layer found in plant cells, providing support and protection.

The chemical equation representing the process of photosynthesis: CO2 + H2O + sunlight ----> C6H12O6 + O2. This means carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight, are converted into glucose and oxygen.

The plant absorbs water from the ground through its roots.

Water enters the plant through its roots, which act like tiny straws absorbing water from the soil.

Carbon dioxide comes from various sources, including living organisms breathing it out, factories, and cars.

Plants use light energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar (glucose).

The glucose produced in photosynthesis is used by the plant for energy and growth. We also eat plants to get this glucose.

Oxygen produced by photosynthesis is released into the air for us to breathe.

Organisms that can make their own food, like plants, are called autotrophs. They use photosynthesis to do this.

The first stage of photosynthesis, where light energy is captured and converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. It happens within the thylakoids of the chloroplasts.

The second stage of photosynthesis where carbon dioxide is used to build sugar molecules. It occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast and doesn't require light.

Pigments responsible for orange, yellow, and red colors in leaves. They also absorb light energy for photosynthesis.

The stacked, disc-like structures within chloroplasts where light-dependent reactions occur.

Movement of molecules across a cell membrane without requiring energy. It follows the concentration gradient, moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Movement of molecules across a cell membrane that requires energy, typically in the form of ATP. This movement can go against the concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

The difference in concentration of a substance between two areas. This difference drives the movement of molecules in passive transport.

A type of passive transport where molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached.

A state where the concentration of a substance is equal throughout an area. No further movement is required in passive transport once equilibrium is reached.

ATP provides the energy needed for active transport to move molecules against their concentration gradient. This is necessary to maintain the proper concentration of molecules within cells.

Water moves across the cell membrane through osmosis, a type of passive transport. Water moves from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

A simple sugar, like glucose or fructose, that is easily digested by the body.

The iodine test. Iodine solution turns blue-black in the presence of starch.

Lipids play roles in energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure.

Sudan IV is a dye that stains lipids red.

Proteins are synthesized at ribosomes, small organelles within cells.

Proteins have diverse roles, including building and repairing tissues, transporting substances, and acting as enzymes.

The Biuret reagent test. Proteins turn a violet color in the presence of Biuret reagent.

Carbohydrates are composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

This describes a protein, which is a complex molecule made from these elements.

Examples of proteins include enzymes, antibodies, and hormones.

Proteins are polymers made up of monomer units called amino acids.

Whales use lipids (fats) for energy storage and insulation.

Fatty acids are the monomers (building blocks) of lipids.

Amino acids are the monomers (building blocks) of proteins.

An enzyme is a biological catalyst, a protein that speeds up biochemical reactions without being consumed in the process.