Macromolecules Flashcards

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Monomers are the small molecules that make up a polymer. A polymer is a long chain of monomers connected by covalent bonds.

Monosaccharides are simple sugars; disaccharides are two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage; polysaccharides are made from a few hundred to a few thousand monosaccharides.

<p>Maltose is a glucose bonded through glycosidic linkage with another glucose. Carbohydrates use glycosidic linkage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains joined at an ester linkage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group, with a hydrophobic tail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Include cholesterol and certain hormones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A bond between a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fat in which all three fatty acid chains contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fat with less than the maximum number of hydrogens in one or more of its fatty acid chains, causing kinks due to double bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plants: starch; Animals: glycogen (made in your liver).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Work in transport, storage, signaling, moving, enzymatic quality; an amino acid folded upon itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An asymmetrical carbon bonded to an amino group, hydrogen, R group, and carboxyl group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha helix (coil) and beta pleated sheet (repeated folds).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extreme heat, high or low pH, ionization of liquid medium, and a change in environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure; includes thymine, cytosine, and uracil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure; includes adenine and guanine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Portion of a nucleotide containing nitrogenous base and five-carbon sugar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A five-carbon monosaccharide found in RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A double helix with bases of two strands pointing inward forming base pairs; purines pairing with pyrimidines; strands are anti-parallel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A long molecule consisting of many similar/identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polymer, but are smaller molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When two molecules are covalently bonded to each other with the loss of a water molecule, facilitated by enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of splitting two monomers with the addition of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monosaccharides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monosaccharides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consists of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage.</p> Signup and view all the answers