Macromolecules and Their Functions

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

True (A)

<p>The mitochondria converts food into usable energy (ATP) that is needed for the cell's functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose (C6H12O6) and Oxygen (O2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps your lungs pull in air and push it out (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The excretory system removes metabolic waste from cells and waste from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control mood, growth, and development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The muscular system is responsible for movement throughout the body, both involuntary and voluntary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The integumentary system protects body tissues against injury, helps regulate body temperature, and provides a sense of touch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immune system helps protect the body against disease by identifying and destroying pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endocrine system produces hormones that help control mood, growth, and development, the way organs work, metabolism, and reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lymphatic system collects extra lymph and fluid from body tissues and returns it to the blood, helping to fight infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide for the continuation of a species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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The basic building blocks of all matter in the universe. They are extremely small and are made up of even smaller particles: electrons (negative charge), protons (positive charge), and neutrons (neutral charge).

Different types of atoms based on the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons each atom contains. Each different kind of atom makes up an element. There are 92 natural elements, and up to 118 when you count in man-made elements.

Molecules that do not contain the element carbon.

Molecules that contain the element carbon.

Small molecules that can be joined together in a repeating fashion to make more complex molecules.

Large molecules that are made of repeating monomers.

A type of organic compound that is the main source of energy in living things (short-term energy).

The monomer unit of carbohydrates. Example: Glucose.

The polymer form of carbohydrates. Examples: Cellulose, Starch.

A type of organic compound that provides long-term energy, waterproof covering, and makes up the cell membrane.

The monomer unit of lipids. Example: Fatty acid.

The polymer form of lipids. Example: Triglyceride.

A type of organic compound that is involved in animal structures, fighting diseases, transporting materials, and controlling reaction rates.

The monomer unit of proteins.

The polymer form of proteins. Example: Protein.

A special type of protein that acts as a catalyst (speeds up chemical reactions) to help the body perform tasks such as digestion and growing new cells.

Molecules that enzymes act on.

The theory that all living things are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life in all living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells.

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions for the cell.

The control center of the cell, containing the cell’s genetic material, DNA. It directs all cell activity, controls the size and reproduction.

The site of ribosome production within the nucleus.

The membrane that surrounds the nucleus, protecting it and controlling what enters and exits.

The jelly-like fluid that holds and supports all the organelles between the cell membrane.

The network of protein fibers inside the cytoplasm that provides structural support and helps the cell keep its shape.

Organelles that break down waste and recycle old cell parts.

The powerhouse of the cell, converting food into usable energy (ATP) that is needed for the cell’s functions.

Stores food, water, and waste for the cell. Plant cells have more larger vacuoles than animal cells.

Small sacs that transport materials in, out, and around the cell.

A network of membranes that are involved in protein synthesis and transport within the cell. Rough ER contains ribosomes and is the site of protein synthesis. Smooth ER does not contain ribosomes and is responsible for the transport of materials.

The site of protein synthesis within the cell, found either floating around the cytoplasm or attached to the ER.

Organelle that packages proteins and lipids molecules that need to be sent out of the cell.

Organelles that convert light energy from the sun to glucose for chemical energy (photosynthesis).

The rigid outer layer of the cell that protects the cell. Found in plants.