Biochemistry General Notes

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of glycogen in the body?

Transport of oxygen in the blood
Formation of cell membranes
Structural support in plant cells
Energy storage in the liver (correct)

Which of the following describes dehydration synthesis?

It adds water to break down molecules.
It occurs only in the presence of enzymes.
It creates polysaccharides from monosaccharides without water.
It removes water to form bonds. (correct)

Which of the following compounds is NOT a polysaccharide?

Cellulose
Fructose (correct)
Glycogen
Starch

What role do proteins play in biological systems?

They serve as structural components and enzymes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which elements are NOT commonly found in organic compounds?

Iron and Sodium (D) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes disaccharides from monosaccharides?

Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharide units. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of lipids?

They include fats and oils which are energy-storage molecules. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the structure of a monosaccharide?

A single-ring structure containing carbon and oxygen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes phospholipids from triglycerides in terms of structure?

Phospholipids contain a phosphate group that makes them polar. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the function of DNA?

DNA stores genetic information and determines protein structure. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do polar and nonpolar substances differ in their interaction with water?

Polar substances are hydrophilic and interact with water, while nonpolar substances are hydrophobic and do not. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How are hydrogen bonds formed in water molecules?

Through the attraction of oppositely charged regions of polar molecules. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of RNA in a cell?

It acts as a messenger and translates genetic code into proteins. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Saturated fatty acids have maximal hydrogen atoms and are usually solid. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is characteristic of steroids among lipids?

They consist of four fused carbon rings. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the structure of DNA compared to RNA?

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar while RNA contains ribose sugar. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What property of water is demonstrated by its ability to stabilize temperature?

High specific heat capacity (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes an exergonic reaction?

Energy is released during the reaction. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What describes the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

Reduces the activation energy required for the reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which process is an example of cohesion in water?

Water droplets forming on a leaf’s surface (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which type of reaction is energy absorbed from the surroundings?

Endothermic reaction (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the solubility of substances in water?

Water dissolves ionic and polar substances easily. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which law justifies the need to balance a chemical equation?

Law of Conservation of Matter (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the solvent in an aqueous solution?

The substance that is in the greatest amount (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hydrophobic

Describes molecules that repel water.

Fatty acid chain

Long chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms in the lipid molecules and phospholipids.

Saturated fat

A type of fat in which all carbon atoms are bonded to the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Solid at room temp

Unsaturated fat

A type of fat in which one or more carbon atoms are bonded to fewer than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Usually liquid at room temp