Machine Tools and Their Functions

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a planer in machine tool operations?

To produce flat surfaces on large or heavy materials (correct)

To shape small pieces of metal accurately

To measure diameters of cylindrical objects

To grind surfaces to a smooth finish

Which tool is primarily used for measuring diameters?

Dial Indicator

Planer

Caliper (correct)

Reamer

What is the purpose of countersinking in machining operations?

To create a cone-shaped recess for a screw head (correct)

To increase the diameter of an existing hole

To produce flat surfaces on large materials

To shape a metal piece into a specific profile

Which operation involves finishing a hole using a tool with multiple cutting edges?

Reaming Signup and view all the answers

What does the term plasticity refer to in the context of metal properties?

The ability to be deformed without rupture Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the pitch circle in gears?

An imaginary circle for gear tooth contact points Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum stress induced in a material when subjected to alternate loading without causing failure called?

Ultimate stress Signup and view all the answers

In a standard coarse thread bolt, where is stress concentration maximum?

Root Signup and view all the answers

What is the factor of safety commonly designed for cast iron flywheels?

10 to 13 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bolt is commonly used in construction that is threaded at both ends?

Stud bolt Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important element that controls the physical properties of steel?

Carbon Signup and view all the answers

What type of cam is generally used for low and moderate speed engines?

Harmonic cam Signup and view all the answers

What is the process commonly used for thermoplastic materials?

Injection molding Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of splines?

They are used when axial relative motion between shafts and hub is necessary. Signup and view all the answers

What effect can cold working have on a material?

Increases the fatigue strength Signup and view all the answers

What load condition is typically used when testing a material for endurance strength?

Completely reversed load Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the procedure of increasing the fatigue limit by overstressing the metal?

Coaxing Signup and view all the answers

Until what thickness of plate is edge preparation for welding unnecessary?

4 mm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a clutch in machine tools?

To connect and disconnect shafts Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cam allows the follower to reciprocate in a plane parallel to the axis of rotation?

Cylindrical Cam Signup and view all the answers

Which material is typically used to make a cold chisel?

High Carbon Steel Signup and view all the answers

What describes a material that returns to its original shape after the load is removed?

Elastic Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a tap?

To cut internal threads Signup and view all the answers

What type of chuck is not suitable for use where extreme accuracy is required?

Universal Chuck Signup and view all the answers

Which machine tool is designed principally to machine flat or plane surfaces?

Shaper Signup and view all the answers

What device is used to provide centers for turning or machining a piece of work?

Mandrel Signup and view all the answers

What process involves rolling checkered depressions into the surface of a piece?

Knurling Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bolts have threads on both ends and no head?

Stud Bolts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary manufacturing process for steel balls used in ball bearings?

Cold Heading Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes the headstock in a lathe?

The main spindle and its mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a carriage bolt?

To secure materials without turning in wood Signup and view all the answers

What does the diametral pitch indicate in gears?

The number of teeth per inch of pitch diameter Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the distance from the center of one gear tooth to the center of the next consecutive tooth?

Circular pitch Signup and view all the answers

What is the addendum in gear terminology?

The height of the tooth above the pitch circle Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of normalizing steel?

To provide uniform heating and cooling of steel Signup and view all the answers

What is quenching in metalworking?

Cooling rapidly by dipping in a solution Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'backlash' refer to in gears?

The clearance between the tooth profiles of a gear Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is often used for indexing in machine tools?

Dividing head Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Machine Tools and Operations

A Planer is used for producing flat surfaces on large, heavy, or awkwardly shaped pieces.
Grinding involves shaping a piece by contact with a rotating abrasive wheel.
A Caliper is a measuring tool specifically designed for measuring diameters.
Dial Indicators are used to align machine tools, inspect trueness, and compare various measurements.
Plasticity refers to the metal's ability to deform significantly without breaking.

Machining Techniques

Laying Out is the process of marking center points, circles, arcs, or lines on metal surfaces.
Reaming is the operation of sizing and finishing holes using a multi-edged cutting tool.
Countersinking creates a cone-shaped enlargement at the hole's end, typically for flat head screws.
Boring enlarges holes using an adjustable cutting tool with a single cutting edge.

Gears and Bolts

The Pitch Circle is the imaginary circle that runs through the contact points of meshing gears.
Carriage Bolts are designed for fastening wooden components, preventing rotation within the material.
Diametral Pitch refers to the number of gear teeth per inch of pitch diameter.
Circular Pitch measures the distance from the center of one gear tooth to the next.
Addendum is the part of the gear tooth above the pitch circle, while Dedendum is below it.

Machine Tool Structures

A Gear Rack converts rotary motion into reciprocating motion.
Worm Gears are utilized for high-speed ratio applications.
Bevel Gears transmit motion between shafts at an angle.

Metal Treatment Processes

Normalizing involves heating steel above hardening temperatures and cooling it in air.
Quenching is the rapid cooling of metal in water, brine, or oil to harden it.
Annealing softens hard-to-machine metal through slow heating and cooling.
Tolerance is the permissible variation in the size of a dimension.

Precision Machining

Squaring is the machining of a workpiece's end to ensure it is perpendicular to its axis.
Backslash refers to the clearance between gear tooth profiles.
A Dividing Head aids indexing in machine tools.

Machining Tools

An Abrasive is any material that can wear away softer substances.
A Tap is a cylindrical tool with threads for cutting internal threads.
Feeler Gages measure and check clearances using various thickness strips.
A Slotter functions like a shaper but has a vertically reciprocating ram.

Specialized Fasteners and Devices

Stud Bolts feature threading on both ends and no heads.
An Independent Chuck uses adjustable jaws for gripping.
A Mandrel provides centers for machining operations.
Universal Chucks are not meant for extreme precision.

Other Key Concepts

Knurling creates a textured pattern on surfaces.
A Live Center rotates with the work and supports it.
Steel Balls for bearings are produced via Cold Heading.
The Headstock in a lathe includes the spindle and gears for speed settings.

Material Stress and Behavior

Ultimate Stress is the maximum stress before material failure.
Endurance Point measures the stress experienced under repeated loading cycles.
Cold working increases fatigue strength by altering the material's internal structure.

Gears and Cams

A Cylindrical Cam allows a follower to oscillate parallel to its axis.
A Radial Cam permits oscillation perpendicular to its axis.
Harmonic Cams are best for engines with low to moderate speeds.

Manufacturing Elements

The specific gravity of lead is the highest among common materials.
Injection Molding is the process for shaping thermoplastic materials.
Duralumin undergoes age-hardening, enhancing its strength over time.

Mechanical Behavior

A Homogeneous body has uniform properties throughout.
An elastic material can return to original dimensions after load removal.
Delta iron appears between 1400°C and 1539°C during iron processing.

Miscellaneous

The factor of safety for cast iron flywheels typically ranges from 10 to 13.
Rope brake dynamometers operate without any lubricants.
For up to 4 mm thickness plates, edge preparation for welding is unnecessary.

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Description

This quiz evaluates your knowledge of various machine tools and their specific functions in manufacturing. From planers to calipers, test your understanding of essential tools used to shape, measure, and align workpieces in industrial settings.