Machine Learning: LASSO, Causality, and Prediction Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the main goal of machine learning tools according to the text?

  • Minimize MSE (correct)
  • Support causal inference
  • Reduce overfitting risk
  • Deliver reliable inference about specific parameters

Which challenge is NOT mentioned as a problem that Machine Learning can solve?

  • Model selection
  • Heteroscedasticity (correct)
  • Outliers/influential observations
  • Multicollinearity

What does overfitting refer to in the context of machine learning?

  • Including too many potential variables (correct)
  • Minimizing the residual sum of squares
  • Selecting the most robust functional forms
  • Including too few potential variables

Which method helps reduce the influence of outliers and select more robust functional forms?

<p>Cross-validation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In causal inference, what is intended to be delivered about specific parameters of a regression model?

<p>Reliable inference (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another term used for regularized regression according to the text?

<p>'Penalized regression' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of statistical inference for the LASSO?

<p>Rapidly evolving field (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about hurdles like the IRC condition in statistical inference for the LASSO?

<p>They are always significant and insurmountable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is described as increasingly well-established for estimating treatment effects?

<p>PDS approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common theme regarding the new work in the field of statistical inference for the LASSO and related methods?

<p>Continuously evolving research output (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which publication provides insights into using machine learning methods to support causal inference in econometrics?

<p>Ahrens et al. (2021) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which publication can one find information about high-dimensional methods and inference on structural and treatment effects?

<p>&quot;Review of Economic Studies&quot; by Belloni, Chernozhukov, and Hansen (2014b) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Step 2 in the Post-Double-Selection (PDS) LASSO method?

<p>Estimate the selected controls for the causal variable of interest. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of the One Covariate at a Time Multiple Testing (OCMT) approach over LASSO for model selection?

<p>It often performs as well as LASSO in selecting true variables. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of estimating yi = β1xi,1 + β2xi,2 + ... + βpxi,p + ϵi in Step 1 of PDS LASSO?

<p>To estimate the causal variable of interest without using di as a regressor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In machine learning, what does LASSO stand for?

<p>Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key benefit of having non-selected regressors with a small correlation with the treatment and control in PDS LASSO?

<p>They allow for asymptotically valid inference. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach does not rely on penalization for model selection?

<p>OCMT approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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