Bio statistics and informatics

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Used to represent molecular structures in two dimensions, highlighting bonds and connectivity.

2D Drug Models (correct)

3D Drug Models

Molecular Descriptors

Database Searches

Provides spatial representation, essential for understanding molecular interactions and receptor binding.

2D Drug Models

Molecular Descriptors

Database Searches

3D Drug Models (correct)

Calculated properties of molecules that help in predicting drug behavior, such as solubility and bioavailability.

2D Drug Models

3D Drug Models

Molecular Descriptors (correct)

Database Searches

Helps find existing molecular descriptors to compare new drugs against known compounds.

Darabase Searches (D) Signup and view all the answers

Includes histograms, scatter plots, and pie charts for visualizing trends in medical data.

Graphical Representation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Helps find existing molecular descriptors to compare new drugs against known compounds.

Statistical Calculations (A) Signup and view all the answers

Determines drug formulation (tablet, injection, capsule) and how it dissolves in the body.

Pharmaceutical Phase (A) Signup and view all the answers

Examines how drugs interact with receptors and produce effects at the cellular level.

Pharmacodynamic Phase (PD) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Studies how drug molecules bind to receptors, influencing therapeutic effects.

Receptor Interaction (RI) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Modifies drug structures to improve binding affinity and reduce side effects.

Receptor Design (RD) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Basic molecular formula representation.

1D (A) Signup and view all the answers

Structural diagram showing connectivity of atoms.

2D (B) Signup and view all the answers

Visualized structure incorporating spatial arrangements.

3D (C) Signup and view all the answers

Includes dynamic changes over time, such as conformational shifts in biological environments.

4D (D) Signup and view all the answers

Represents the volume occupied by the molecule

Van der Waals Surface (A) Signup and view all the answers

Shows areas of the molecule exposed to solvent.

Solvent-Accessible Surface (B) Signup and view all the answers

Indicate charge distribution influencing interactions with receptors.

Electrostatic Potential Maps (A) Signup and view all the answers

Drug fits exactly into receptor binding site

Lock & Key Model (A) Signup and view all the answers

Receptor undergoes conformational change to accommodate the drug.

Induced Fit Model (A) Signup and view all the answers

Defines the essential features for molecular recognition by a biological target.

Pharmacophore (A) Signup and view all the answers

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship

QSAR Signup and view all the answers

Uses computational models to predict biological activity based on chemical structure.

QSAR (A) Signup and view all the answers

Determines how well a drug dissolves in fats, impacting cell membrane permeability.

Lipophilicity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Measures the ratio of drug solubility in octanol (lipid) versus water, predicting bioavailability.

Partition Coefficient (logP) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Trains models using known input-output pairs to optimize predictions.

Supervised Learning (Delta Rule) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Finds patterns in unlabeled data for classification tasks.

Unsupervised Learning (Hebb’s Rule) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Real-time ECG monitoring, remote consultations, and digital transmission of cardiac data.

Telemedicine (A) Signup and view all the answers

Categorical data (e.g., blood type, gender)

Qualitative data type (A) Signup and view all the answers

Numerical data (e.g., blood pressure, glucose levels).

Quantitative data type (A) Signup and view all the answers

Labels without inherent order (e.g., blood groups A, B, O): measurement scale

Nominal (A) Signup and view all the answers

Ranked categories (e.g., pain severity scale: mild, moderate, severe) : measurement scale

Ordinal (B) Signup and view all the answers

Numeric data with equal intervals but no true zero (e.g., temperature in Celsius) : measurement scale

Interval (A) Signup and view all the answers

Numeric data with a true zero point (e.g., weight, height) : measurement scale

Ratio (A) Signup and view all the answers

Statistical Errors

Type I Error = False positive (rejecting a true null hypothesis) Type II Error = False negative (failing to reject a false null hypothesis) Accuracy = How close measurements are to the actual value Precision = How consistently repeated measurements produce similar results Signup and view all the answers

Descriptive Statistics (Central Tendency)

= Mean = Average Value Median = Middle value, when data is ordered Mode = Most frequently occurring value Signup and view all the answers

Descriptive Statistics (Dispersion)

Varience = Measures data spread Standard Deviation = Square root of variance, indicating average deviation from the mean Range = Difference between highest and lowest values Confidence Intervals = Range within which the true mean is expected to lie with a given probability Signup and view all the answers

Bio statistics and informatics

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Questions and Answers

Used to represent molecular structures in two dimensions, highlighting bonds and connectivity.

Provides spatial representation, essential for understanding molecular interactions and receptor binding.

Calculated properties of molecules that help in predicting drug behavior, such as solubility and bioavailability.

Helps find existing molecular descriptors to compare new drugs against known compounds.

Includes histograms, scatter plots, and pie charts for visualizing trends in medical data.

Helps find existing molecular descriptors to compare new drugs against known compounds.

Determines drug formulation (tablet, injection, capsule) and how it dissolves in the body.

Examines how drugs interact with receptors and produce effects at the cellular level.

Studies how drug molecules bind to receptors, influencing therapeutic effects.

Modifies drug structures to improve binding affinity and reduce side effects.

Basic molecular formula representation.

Structural diagram showing connectivity of atoms.

Visualized structure incorporating spatial arrangements.

Includes dynamic changes over time, such as conformational shifts in biological environments.

Represents the volume occupied by the molecule

Shows areas of the molecule exposed to solvent.

Indicate charge distribution influencing interactions with receptors.

Drug fits exactly into receptor binding site

Receptor undergoes conformational change to accommodate the drug.

Defines the essential features for molecular recognition by a biological target.

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship

Uses computational models to predict biological activity based on chemical structure.

Determines how well a drug dissolves in fats, impacting cell membrane permeability.

Measures the ratio of drug solubility in octanol (lipid) versus water, predicting bioavailability.

Trains models using known input-output pairs to optimize predictions.

Finds patterns in unlabeled data for classification tasks.

Real-time ECG monitoring, remote consultations, and digital transmission of cardiac data.

Categorical data (e.g., blood type, gender)

Numerical data (e.g., blood pressure, glucose levels).

Labels without inherent order (e.g., blood groups A, B, O): measurement scale

Ranked categories (e.g., pain severity scale: mild, moderate, severe) : measurement scale

Numeric data with equal intervals but no true zero (e.g., temperature in Celsius) : measurement scale

Numeric data with a true zero point (e.g., weight, height) : measurement scale

Statistical Errors

Descriptive Statistics (Central Tendency)

Descriptive Statistics (Dispersion)

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