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What is the Internet of Things (IoT) from a technical standardization perspective?

  • A national infrastructure for the information society
  • A regional infrastructure for the information society
  • A local infrastructure for the information society
  • A global infrastructure for the information society (correct)

    • What is the main goal of the IoT?

  • To develop new identification technologies
  • To focus on advanced machine-to-machine communication
  • To enhance data capture and processing capabilities
  • To make full use of things to offer services to all kinds of applications (correct)

    • What is added to the information and communication technologies (ICTs) by the IoT?

  • Any PLACE communication
  • Any THING communication (correct)
  • Any SERVICE communication
  • Any TIME communication

    • What is expected to be integrated with leading technologies in the IoT?

    <p>Technologies related to advanced machine-to-machine communication, autonomic networking, data mining and decision-making, security and privacy protection, and cloud computing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ensured in the IoT?

    <p>Both security and privacy requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IoT viewed as?

    <p>A technological vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of identification, data capture, processing, and communication capabilities in the IoT?

    <p>To exploit 'things' to offer services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is interconnected in the IoT?

    <p>Both physical and virtual things</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of autonomic services provisioning in IoT?

    <p>To capture and process data automatically based on configured rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of communication networks in IoT?

    <p>To provide reliable and efficient data transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network provides local connectivity between devices and a gateway?

    <p>Ad-hoc network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical factor for location-based capabilities in IoT?

    <p>Compliance with laws and regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major security concern in IoT?

    <p>Threats to confidentiality, authenticity, and integrity of data and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an IoT application?

    <p>Intelligent transportation systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is exchanged between physical things and virtual things in IoT?

    <p>Exchanges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is privacy protection important in IoT?

    <p>To protect private information concerning owners or users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key requirement for high quality and highly secure human body related services in IoT?

    <p>Compliance with laws and regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides generic enabling capabilities for IoT applications?

    <p>Common service/application support platform(s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an evolving network that can be used to realize IoT network infrastructure?

    <p>Next generation network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of autonomic services provisioning in IoT?

    <p>To capture and process data automatically based on configured rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major challenge in IoT security?

    <p>Integrating different security policies and techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between devices and physical things in IoT?

    <p>Devices interact with physical things</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of privacy protection in IoT?

    <p>Preventing private information disclosure during data transmission, aggregation, storage, mining, and processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can IoT applications be based on?

    <p>Either proprietary application platforms or common service/application support platform(s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Model 5, which player operates devices and provides applications to application customers?

    <p>Player C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the M2M ecosystem, which layer is provided by the M2M Service Provider?

    <p>M2M Services Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key focus area towards standardization of M2M communications?

    <p>M2M Services Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Model 4, which player provides applications?

    <p>Player B only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer is provided by the Network Service Provider?

    <p>Network Services Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Model 5, which player operates the platform?

    <p>Player B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the M2M ecosystem organized in?

    <p>A 3-Layer conceptual model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is provided by the Application Service Provider?

    <p>Application Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of capabilities are common to different IoT applications?

    <p>Generic support capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of networking capabilities?

    <p>Providing control functions of network connectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of transport capabilities?

    <p>Providing connectivity for IoT service and application specific data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are specific support capabilities?

    <p>Capabilities that cater for the requirements of diversified applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do generic support capabilities provide?

    <p>Common capabilities for different IoT applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a control function of network connectivity?

    <p>Access and transport resource control functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do specific support capabilities consist of?

    <p>Various detailed capability groupings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a function provided by networking capabilities?

    <p>Authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enables devices to communicate with other devices using direct communication through a local network?

    <p>Ad-hoc network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interactions also take place in the information world?

    <p>Exchanges between virtual things</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do communication networks provide capabilities for?

    <p>Reliable and efficient data transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can IoT applications be built upon?

    <p>Either proprietary application platforms or common service/application support platforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an IoT application?

    <p>Intelligent transportation system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides local connectivity between devices and a gateway?

    <p>Ad-hoc network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do communication networks transfer?

    <p>Data captured by devices and instructions from applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the IoT network infrastructure be realized via?

    <p>Either conventional TCP/IP-based networks or next generation networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for providing raw data and/or content to the network provider and application provider?

    <p>Device provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the network provider in the IoT ecosystem?

    <p>To access and integrate resources provided by other providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What capabilities are provided by the platform provider?

    <p>Integration capabilities and open interfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who utilizes capabilities or resources provided by the network provider, device provider, and platform provider?

    <p>Application provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the application customer in the IoT ecosystem?

    <p>To utilize capabilities or resources provided by other providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the variety of relationships between IoT ecosystem players?

    <p>Multiple business models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who provides support and control of the IoT capabilities infrastructure?

    <p>Network provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a capability provided by the platform provider?

    <p>Data processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of autonomic services provisioning in IoT?

    <p>To capture, communicate, and process data automatically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical factor for location-based capabilities in IoT?

    <p>Location information of things and/or users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major security concern in IoT?

    <p>Threats towards confidentiality, authenticity, and integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key requirement for high quality and highly secure human body related services in IoT?

    <p>Different laws and regulations in different countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of autonomic services provisioning in IoT?

    <p>To capture, communicate, and process data automatically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of privacy protection in IoT?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key requirement for autonomic services provisioning in IoT?

    <p>Automatic data fusion and data mining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major challenge in IoT security?

    <p>Integrating different security policies and techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Model 5, which player operates the network?

    <p>Player A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer is provided by the M2M Service Provider in the M2M ecosystem?

    <p>M2M Services Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key focus area towards standardization of M2M communications?

    <p>M2M Services Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Model 5, which player operates devices and provides applications to application customers?

    <p>Player C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a layer in the M2M ecosystem?

    <p>Platform Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the M2M ecosystem, which layer is provided by the Application Service Provider?

    <p>Application Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which player operates the platform in Model 5?

    <p>Player B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the M2M ecosystem organized?

    <p>3-Layer conceptual model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of networks can gateway capabilities communicate through at the network layer?

    <p>PSTN, 2G, 3G, LTE, Ethernet, and DSL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of protocol conversion in gateway capabilities?

    <p>To enable communication between different protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do IoT management capabilities cover?

    <p>FCAPS classes, i.e., fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can IoT management capabilities be categorized?

    <p>Into generic and specific management capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a technology protocol used at the device layer?

    <p>ZigBee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fault management in IoT?

    <p>To detect and resolve faults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of configuration management in IoT?

    <p>To manage network configurations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of security management in IoT?

    <p>To detect and resolve security threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected shift in communication in the IoT?

    <p>More device-triggered communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for connectivity between a thing and the IoT?

    <p>Thing's identifier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for provision and consumption of information and services in the IoT?

    <p>Interoperability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is supported in the networking control functions of the IoT?

    <p>Autonomic networking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is critical for managing data generated in the IoT?

    <p>Data interpretation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major challenge in the IoT due to the enormous scale?

    <p>Managing a large number of devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for efficient data handling in the IoT?

    <p>Data processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of autonomic networking in the IoT?

    <p>Adapting to different application domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the network layer, what technologies can gateway capabilities communicate through?

    <p>PSTN, 2G, 3G, LTE, Ethernet, and DSL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are gateway capabilities needed in IoT?

    <p>When communications at the device layer use different device layer protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do IoT management capabilities cover?

    <p>Traditional fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security (FCAPS) classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can IoT management capabilities be categorized?

    <p>Into generic management capabilities and specific management capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a situation where gateway capabilities are needed?

    <p>When a ZigBee technology protocol is used at the device layer and a 2G technology protocol is used at the network layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of protocol conversion in IoT?

    <p>To convert different protocols used at the device layer and network layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do FCAPS classes include?

    <p>Fault management, configuration management, accounting management, performance management, and security management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are gateway capabilities important in IoT?

    <p>Because they enable devices to communicate using different protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IoT viewed as from a societal perspective?

    <p>A global infrastructure for the information society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of identification, data capture, processing, and communication capabilities in the IoT?

    <p>To enable advanced services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between IoT and advanced technologies?

    <p>IoT is integrated with advanced technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is added to the information and communication technologies (ICTs) by the IoT?

    <p>Any THING communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the IoT?

    <p>To enable advanced services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of IoT in the information society?

    <p>To enable advanced services by interconnecting things</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ensured in the IoT?

    <p>Security and privacy requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IoT's role in the integration of technologies?

    <p>To integrate with existing technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the devices in the IoT?

    <p>They are heterogeneous based on different hardware platforms and networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a thing-related service in the IoT?

    <p>A service that provides privacy protection and semantic consistency between physical things and their associated virtual things</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a dynamic change in the IoT?

    <p>A device's location and speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a general device in the IoT?

    <p>A device that has embedded processing and communication capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental characteristic of the IoT?

    <p>Interconnectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enables devices to communicate with other devices in the IoT?

    <p>Local networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a device that can be part of the IoT?

    <p>A home electrical appliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of thing-related services in the IoT?

    <p>They are provided within the constraints of things</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which player operates the device, network, platform, and applications, and serves the application customer directly in Model 1?

    <p>Player A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who acts as Player A in Model 2?

    <p>Telecom operators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Model 3, who operates the device and applications?

    <p>Other service providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Model 4, who provides applications to the application customers?

    <p>Other service providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model has Player A operating the network and platform, and Player B operating the device and applications?

    <p>Model 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which model does Player A only operate the network?

    <p>Model 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the typical players acting as Player A in Model 1?

    <p>Telecom operators and vertically integrated businesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which model does Player B operate the device and platform, and provide applications to the application customers?

    <p>Model 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary requirement for devices in the IoT?

    <p>Support of communication capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a data-carrying device attach to?

    <p>A physical thing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can a data-capturing device do to a data-carrying device?

    <p>Read information and optionally write information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a technology used for interaction between data-capturing devices and data-carrying devices?

    <p>Radio frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a sensing and actuating device convert into digital electronic signals?

    <p>Information related to the surrounding environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a sensing and actuating device convert digital electronic signals into?

    <p>Operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of data-capturing devices?

    <p>To interact with physical things</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do data-carrying devices enable?

    <p>Indirect connection of physical things to communication networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two capability groupings in the service support and application support layer?

    <p>Generic support capabilities and Specific support capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do generic support capabilities provide?

    <p>Common capabilities that can be used by different IoT applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of networking capabilities?

    <p>To provide relevant control functions of network connectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do specific support capabilities consist of?

    <p>Various detailed capability groupings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of transport capabilities?

    <p>To provide connectivity for the transport of IoT service and application specific data information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a control function of network connectivity?

    <p>Access and transport resource control functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of capabilities in the network layer?

    <p>Networking capabilities and Transport capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do transport capabilities transport?

    <p>IoT service and application specific data information, as well as the transport of IoT-related control and management information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Model 1, which player operates the device, network, platform, and applications?

    <p>Player A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who typically acts as player A in Model 2?

    <p>Telecom operators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Model 3, which player operates the device and applications?

    <p>Player B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who typically acts as player B in Model 3?

    <p>Other service providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Model 4, which player operates the network?

    <p>Player A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who typically acts as player B in Model 4?

    <p>Other service providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of autonomic services provisioning in IoT?

    <p>Automatic data capture, communication, and processing based on configured rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of location-based capabilities in IoT?

    <p>Automatic sensing and tracking of location information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which model does player A operate the device, network, and platform?

    <p>Model 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which model does player B operate the applications and serve the application customers?

    <p>Model 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major security concern in IoT?

    <p>Threats towards confidentiality, authenticity, and integrity of data and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of privacy protection in IoT?

    <p>To protect private information during data transmission, aggregation, storage, mining, and processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key requirement for high quality and highly secure human body related services in IoT?

    <p>Compliance with laws and regulations of different countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of autonomic services provisioning in IoT?

    <p>Integration of different security policies and techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of location-based services in IoT?

    <p>Automatic sensing and tracking of location information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of security in IoT?

    <p>Integration of different security policies and techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is expected to significantly shift in the IoT compared to the current Internet?

    <p>The ratio of communication triggered by devices as compared to communication triggered by humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a high-level requirement for the IoT?

    <p>Establishing connectivity based on a thing's identifier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for the IoT to adapt to different application domains and communication environments?

    <p>Autonomic networking techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of data management in the IoT?

    <p>Ensuring efficient data handling and interpretation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of the IoT in terms of scalability?

    <p>Managing at least an order of magnitude larger number of devices than the current Internet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for the IoT to ensure provision and consumption of a variety of information and services?

    <p>Ensuring interoperability among heterogeneous and distributed systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge in the IoT?

    <p>Interpreting the large amount of data generated by devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of the IoT in terms of device management?

    <p>Implementing autonomic networking techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    IoT Concept and Framework

    • IoT (Internet of Things) is a global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting physical and virtual things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies (ICT).
    • IoT adds the dimension "Any THING communication" to ICT, which already provide "any TIME" and "any PLACE" communication.

    IoT Architecture

    • IoT architecture consists of three layers: Service Support and Application Support Layer, Network Layer, and Device Layer.
    • Service Support and Application Support Layer includes generic support capabilities (e.g., data processing, data storage) and specific support capabilities (e.g., for diversified applications).
    • Network Layer consists of Networking capabilities (e.g., access and transport resource control, mobility management, authentication) and Transport capabilities (e.g., providing connectivity for IoT service and application specific data).

    IoT Applications and Services

    • IoT applications include intelligent transportation systems, smart grid, e-health, smart home, and others.
    • IoT applications can be based on proprietary application platforms or built upon common service/application support platforms.
    • Autonomic services provisioning, location-based capabilities, security, privacy protection, and high quality and highly secure human body related services are some of the key features of IoT applications.

    M2M Concept

    • M2M (Machine-to-Machine) ecosystem is organized in a 3-Layer conceptual model: Network Services Layer, M2M Services Layer, and Application Layer.
    • Network Services Layer is provided by the Network Service Provider.
    • M2M Services Layer is based on Internet Protocol (IP) and provided by the M2M Service Provider.
    • Application Layer is provided by the Application Service Provider, catering to End User Applications.

    IoT Communication Models

    • Devices can communicate with other devices using direct communication through a local network (e.g., ad-hoc network) and then communicate through the communication network via a local network gateway.
    • Combinations of cases are possible, such as devices communicating with other devices using direct communication and then communication through the communication network via a local network gateway.

    IoT Applications

    • IoT applications include intelligent transportation systems, smart grid, e-health, and smart home.
    • Applications can be based on proprietary application platforms or built upon common service/application support platforms providing generic enabling capabilities, such as authentication, device management, charging, and accounting.

    IoT Network Infrastructure

    • IoT network infrastructure may be realized via existing networks (e.g., conventional TCP/IP-based networks) and/or evolving networks (e.g., next-generation networks).
    • Communication networks provide capabilities for reliable and efficient data transfer.

    Autonomic Services Provisioning

    • Autonomic services need to be able to capture, communicate, and process automatically the data of things based on rules configured by operators or customized by subscribers.
    • Autonomic services may depend on techniques of automatic data fusion and data mining.

    Location-Based Capabilities

    • Location-based capabilities need to be supported in the IoT.
    • Something-related communications and services will depend on the location information of things and/or users.

    Security and Privacy

    • In the IoT, every 'thing' is connected, resulting in significant security threats, such as threats towards confidentiality, authenticity, and integrity of both data and services.
    • Privacy protection needs to be supported in the IoT.
    • Sensed data of things may contain private information concerning their owners or users.

    Gateway Capabilities

    • Gateway capabilities may communicate through various technologies, such as PSTN, 2G/3G networks, LTE, Ethernet, or DSL.
    • Protocol conversion is needed when communications at the device layer use different device layer protocols or when communications involving both the device layer and network layer use different protocols.

    Management Capabilities

    • IoT management capabilities cover traditional fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security (FCAPS) classes.
    • IoT management capabilities can be categorized into generic management capabilities and specific management capabilities.

    IoT Ecosystem

    • The IoT ecosystem includes device providers, network providers, platform providers, application providers, and application customers.
    • The device provider is responsible for devices providing raw data and/or content to the network provider and application provider according to the service logic.
    • The network provider plays a central role in the IoT ecosystem, performing access and integration of resources provided by other providers, supporting and controlling the IoT capabilities infrastructure, and offering IoT capabilities, including network capabilities and resource exposure to other providers.

    IoT Business Models

    • IoT ecosystem players may have a variety of relationships in real deployments, based on different possible business models.
    • Different business models include variations of models where platform providers are not included or provide only applications.

    M2M Concept

    • The M2M ecosystem is organized in a 3-Layer conceptual model, consisting of:
      • Network Services Layer: Provided by the Network Service Provider.
      • M2M Services Layer: Based on Internet Protocol (IP) and provided by the M2M Service Provider.
      • Application Layer: Provided by the Application Service Provider catering to End User Applications.

    Learning Objectives

    • Understand IoT framework and models
    • Understand IoT architecture
    • Understand IoT security
    • Understand M2M
    • Understand NB-IoT

    Introduction to IoT

    • IoT integrates leading technologies like machine-to-machine communication, autonomic networking, data mining, security, and cloud computing
    • IoT adds "Any THING communication" to existing information and communication technologies (ICTs) which already provide "any TIME" and "any PLACE" communication

    Fundamental Characteristics and High-Level Requirements of IoT

    • Interconnectivity: anything can be interconnected with the global information and communication infrastructure
    • Things-related services: IoT provides thing-related services within the constraints of things, such as privacy protection and semantic consistency
    • Heterogeneity: devices in IoT are heterogeneous based on different hardware platforms and networks
    • Dynamic changes: devices' state changes dynamically, and the number of devices can change dynamically
    • Enormous scale: IoT will have an enormous scale of devices that need to be managed and communicated with each other

    High-Level Requirements

    • Identification-based connectivity: IoT needs to support connectivity between a thing and the IoT based on the thing's identifier
    • Interoperability: IoT needs to ensure interoperability among heterogeneous and distributed systems
    • Autonomic networking: IoT needs to support autonomic networking, including self-management, self-configuring, self-healing, self-optimizing, and self-protecting techniques

    Management Capabilities

    • IoT management capabilities cover traditional fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security (FCAPS) classes
    • IoT management capabilities can be categorized into generic management capabilities and specific management capabilities

    IoT Business Models

    • Model 1: player A operates device, network, platform, and applications, and serves application customers directly
    • Model 2: player A operates device, network, and platform, and player B operates application and serves application customers
    • Model 3: player A operates network and platform, player B operates device and applications, and serves application customers
    • Model 4: player A operates network, and player B operates device and platform, providing applications to application customers

    IoT Devices

    • Devices in IoT need to support communication capabilities.
    • Devices are categorized into: • Data-carrying devices: attached to physical things to indirectly connect them with communication networks. • Data-capturing devices: interact with physical things through indirect or direct means, using technologies like radio frequency, infrared, optical, and galvanic driving. • Sensing and actuating devices: detect or measure environmental information and convert it into digital electronic signals, or vice versa.

    IoT Characteristics

    • IoT will have an enormous scale, with a large number of devices managed and communicating with each other.
    • Device-triggered communication will increase, and data management and interpretation will become critical.

    High-Level Requirements

    • Identification-based connectivity: connectivity between a thing and IoT is established based on the thing's identifier.
    • Interoperability: ensured among heterogeneous and distributed systems.
    • Autonomic networking: self-management, self-configuring, self-healing, self-optimizing, and self-protecting techniques supported.
    • Autonomic services provisioning: services provided by capturing, communicating, and processing data automatically.
    • Location-based capabilities: supported in IoT, with location information sensed and tracked automatically.
    • Security: critical due to connected devices, with threats towards confidentiality, authenticity, and integrity of data and services.
    • Privacy protection: supported during data transmission, aggregation, storage, mining, and processing.

    Service Support and Application Support Layer

    • Consists of generic support capabilities and specific support capabilities.
    • Generic support capabilities: common capabilities used by different IoT applications, such as data processing or storage.
    • Specific support capabilities: particular capabilities catering to diversified applications, with various detailed capability groupings.

    Network Layer

    • Consists of networking capabilities and transport capabilities.
    • Networking capabilities: provide relevant control functions of network connectivity.
    • Transport capabilities: focus on providing connectivity for IoT service and application-specific data.

    IoT Business Models

    • Model 1: player A operates device, network, platform, and applications, serving application customers directly.
    • Model 2: player A operates device, network, and platform, while player B operates application and serves application customers.
    • Model 3: player A operates network and platform, while player B operates device and applications, serving application customers.
    • Model 4: player A operates network, and player B operates device and platform, providing applications to application customers.

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    ch7.pdf

    Description

    Understand the basics of IoT, including frameworks, architecture, security, and M2M technology. Learn about the concept of IoT and its applications.

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