IoT Reference Architecture Quiz
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Which of the following is NOT a layer in the IoT Reference Architecture?

  • Aggregation/bus layer
  • Device manufacturing (correct)
  • Client/external communications
  • Event processing and analytics

    • The device layer is the topmost layer in the IoT Reference Architecture.

    False (B)

    What is typically required for an IoT device to have an identity?

    A UUID

    A recommended method to secure communication to a device is to use a ______ token.

    <p>OAuth2 Bearer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protocols is commonly used for communication between devices and the cloud?

    <p>MQTT (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    HTTP is a complex binary protocol well-suited for small 8-bit controllers.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following IoT architecture layers with their descriptions:

    <p>Client/external communications = Web/Portal, Dashboard, APIs Event processing and analytics = Data storage and analysis Aggregation/bus layer = ESB and Message Broker Relevant transports = MQTT/HTTP/XMPP/CoAP/AMQP, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which memory is often used to store a device identifier?

    <p>EEPROM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key consideration during installation and upgrades?

    <p>The color of the server rack (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A complete guide is necessary to document installation and upgrade procedures.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration for backup processes?

    <p>They must be designed, built and tested regularly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    System alerts when a database connection fails are considered ______ alerts.

    <p>technical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be defined regarding system alerts?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the alert type with the appropriate example.

    <p>Technical Alert = Unable to connect to database Functional Alert = Bad Data on an automated input Non-Error Alert = System Shutdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is acceptable if data restored from a backup is not in a transactionally consistent state.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides startup and shutdown, what is another example of a control operation?

    <p>Transaction resubmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a functional constraint in IoT system design?

    <p>Security and privacy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Application programmers usually don't need to consider the hardware capabilities when developing for IoT devices.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must application-level logic decide regarding sensors?

    <p>The sampling rate of the sensor and local processing performed on sensor readings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IoT systems often involve multiple devices with varying communication protocols, therefore a key constraint is ensuring device ________.

    <p>compatibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following IoT constraints with their descriptions:

    <p>Network Bandwidth = Capacity of the network to handle data traffic. Security and Privacy = Protection of data and devices from threats. Data Collection and Processing = Efficient gathering and handling of sensor data. Device Compatibility = Ability of different devices to work together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a technical constraint related to data transmission in IoT?

    <p>Network bandwidth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main functions performed by the API gateway?

    <p>Routing, load-balancing, and publishing data to the analytics layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The device manager only communicates with devices using a single protocol.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Non-technical constraints are related to the technical infrastructure of IoT systems.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary when device changes occur in IoT application?

    <p>The programmers have to reconfigure and reprogram the devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three levels of device management?

    <p>non-managed, semi-managed, and fully managed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The identity and access management layer provides services including OAuth2 token issuing and validation, and ______ for identifying inbound requests.

    <p>SAML2 SSO or OpenID Connect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the device management level with its description:

    <p>Non-managed = No agent involved, but can communicate with the network Semi-managed = Implements some parts of the DM, like feature control Fully managed = Runs a full DM agent, supports software management and enables/disables features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function supported by a full DM agent?

    <p>Monitoring the number of users connected to the network (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    XACML PDP is not a service provided by Identity and Access Management layer.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DM stand for?

    <p>Device Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protocols are optimized for IoT use?

    <p>MQTT and CoAP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CoAP is a publish-subscribe messaging system based on a broker model.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the aggregation/bus layer in an IoT architecture?

    <p>To aggregate, broker, and transform communications between devices and higher-level services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The aggregation/bus layer must act as a policy enforcement point (PEP) for ______ access.

    <p>policy-based</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sensor nodes are present in the parking lot system?

    <p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the primary function of the Event Processing and Analytics Layer?

    <p>To archive data in a database. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The payment station only serves as a payment interface and does not act as a communication gateway.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following protocols with their primary characteristic:

    <p>MQTT = Publish-subscribe messaging system CoAP = RESTful application protocol using UDP HTTP = Protocol used by full client libraries Oauth2 = Protocol used for authorization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network technology is used to connect the physical gateway devices to the Internet?

    <p>WAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The occupancy sign acts as a communication gateway for the ______ node.

    <p>actuator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MQTT was designed to solve issues in personal computers and smartphones.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between MQTT and CoAP in terms of communication model?

    <p>MQTT uses a publish-subscribe model with a broker, while CoAP uses a client-server model.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the parking lot management system software?

    <p>To manage multiple parking lots through a virtual infrastructure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each sensor node with its corresponding parking spot sensor resources:

    <p>Sensor Node #1 = Resources #11-#18 (parking spots #01-#08) Sensor Node #2 = Resources #21-#28 (parking spots #09-#16)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sensor nodes are not powerful enough to host their respective IoT services.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides the management system, what are the two main applications connected to it?

    <p>Payment operation center applications and human user mobile applications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    IoT Reference Architecture

    • Consists of components and layers
    • Realized by specific technologies
    • Includes cross-cutting/vertical layers like access/identity management

    Layers

    • Client/external communications: Web/Portal, Dashboard, APIs
    • Event processing and analytics: Including data storage
    • Aggregation/bus layer: ESB and message broker
    • Relevant transports: MQTT/HTTP/XMPP/CoAP/AMQP, etc.
    • Devices: Cross-cutting layers are: Device manager, Identity and access management

    The Device Layer

    • Lowest layer of the architecture
    • Devices must have communications attaching to the Internet
    • Each device needs an identity (UUID or other)
    • UUIDs can be burnt into the device or provided by a secondary chip

    The Communications Layer

    • Supports device connectivity
    • Potential protocols for device-cloud communication: HTTP/HTTPS, MQTT 3.1/3.1.1, CoAP

    The Aggregation/Bus Layer

    • Aggregates and brokers communications
    • Supports HTTP server and/or MQTT broker to talk to devices
    • Aggregates and combines communications from multiple devices
    • Transforms between different protocols (e.g. HTTP-to-MQTT)

    The Event Processing and Analytics Layer

    • Processes and acts upon events from the bus layer
    • Stores data in a database (traditional model or big data analytics platform)
    • Supports highly scalable map-reduce analytics
    • Supports complex event processing for near real-time activities

    Client/External Communications Layer

    • Provides communication outside the device-oriented system
    • Enables web-based front-ends and portals that interact with devices

    Device Management

    • Handled by two components: server-side system, device management agents
    • Manages individual and bulk control of devices
    • Remotely manages software and applications

    Identity and Access Management

    • Provides services like: OAuth2 token issuing, validation, other identity services (SAML2 SSO, OpenID Connect)
    • Identifies inbound requests, XACML PDP, and directory of users (e.g., LDAP)
    • Manages access control policies

    Other views in IoT Reference Architecture

    • Functional View: Describes the system's functions
    • Information View: Describes the system's data and information
    • Development View: Explains how to implement the system
    • Operational View: Covers how to keep the system running in the field
    • Deployment View: Addresses how to transition the system to live operation

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    Related Documents

    Unit 4 Notes (Some Topics) for Students PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the Internet of Things (IoT) reference architecture, including its components and layers. This quiz covers client communications, event processing, and device management protocols, providing a comprehensive overview of IoT systems.

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