Full Length Review 2

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What is the respiratory quotient (RQ) defined as?

Ratio between CO2 produced and O2 consumed (correct)

Ratio between glucose produced and ATP consumed

Ratio between lipids produced and protein consumed

Ratio between O2 produced and CO2 consumed

What does an RQ of 0.7 indicate?

Pure carbohydrate utilization

Pure fat utilization (correct)

Underfeeding/starvation

Mixed substrate utilization

When does an RQ of 1 or greater suggest that the principal nutrient being metabolized is carbohydrate?

Pure fat utilization

Underfeeding/starvation

Mixed substrate utilization

Pure carbohydrate utilization (correct)

What does an RQ of 0.8-0.9 indicate?

Mixed substrate utilization Signup and view all the answers

What feeding status does an RQ greater than 1.0 indicate?

Overfeeding Signup and view all the answers

What critical insight can the RQ provide about the feeding status of a patient?

Nutrient utilization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the least invasive, definitive management option with favorable outcomes for a patient with a pancreatic pseudocyst?

Endoscopic cystogastrostomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of chronic anemia in the patient?

Colonic angiodysplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for not giving aromatase inhibitors in men?

Increased risk of intra-abdominal abscess formation Signup and view all the answers

What common symptom is associated with chromium deficiency?

Insulin intolerance (hyperglycemia) Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral deficiency leads to altered mental status and coma?

Molybdenum Signup and view all the answers

What is the possible explanation for the slightly higher risk of intra-abdominal abscess formation after laparoscopic appendectomy compared to open appendectomy?

Mechanical spread of intraperitoneal bacteria from insufflation or irrigation Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral deficiency is associated with poor wound healing?

Zinc Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of deficiency associated with zinc?

Poor wound healing, night blindness, skin lesions Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred surgical approach for appendectomy today?

Laparoscopic appendectomy due to favorable outcomes and shorter length of hospital stay. Signup and view all the answers

What is the management option for a patient with a colonic angiodysplasia presenting with chronic anemia?

Argon plasma coagulation ablation Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard treatment of choice for a simple low fistula and some mid-rectovaginal fistulas?

Beger procedure Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure involves resection of the pancreatic head, duodenum, and distal one-third of the stomach, and requires reconstruction with a gastrojejunostomy, pancreaticojejunostomy, and hepaticojejunostomy?

Whipple procedure Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?

Corticosteroid therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical approach is chosen for chronic pancreatitis with dilated duct without head involvement?

Puestow procedure Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate anastomosis for patients with no evidence of distal ductal dilatation undergoing duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection?

End-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis of exclusion characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia without an apparent cause?

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure involves coring out the head of the pancreas with a longitudinal dissection of the pancreatic duct toward the tail, followed by a Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy?

Frey procedure Signup and view all the answers

Which type of repair has the lowest recurrence rates for inguinal or femoral hernias?

Mesh repair Signup and view all the answers

What is the last line of therapy for stress gastritis bleeding?

Total gastrectomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma?

Chemoradiotherapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common site for well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) within the GI tract?

Rectum Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common presenting symptom of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (NETs)?

Abdominal pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for performing Heineke-Mikulicz strictureplasty in patients with Crohn disease?

To avoid short gut syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What effect can excessive carbohydrate administration in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) have?

Failure to wean from ventilator Signup and view all the answers

What initiates acute appendicitis?

Luminal obstruction Signup and view all the answers

What is the unfortunate adverse effect of gastric reconstruction most commonly seen in patients who have undergone Billroth II gastrojejunostomy?

Bile reflux gastritis Signup and view all the answers

What type of neoplasms can be observed if they are less than 3 cm in size and lack any suspicious features in CT or MRI?

Branched duct-intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms Signup and view all the answers

What is classified as a simple low rectovaginal fistula?

Fistula repairable perianally Signup and view all the answers

What output qualifies a fistula as a low output fistula?

< 200 mL/day Signup and view all the answers

What is the 3-year event-free survival rate for hepatoblastomas in the Good Prognostic Stratum?

90% Signup and view all the answers

Which type of internal hemorrhoids prolapse through the anus but reduce spontaneously?

Grade 2 Signup and view all the answers

Which topical antimicrobial agent is effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and is contraindicated in renal toxicity at high doses/large areas?

Bacitracin Signup and view all the answers

When should orchiopexy ideally be performed to improve fertility and testicular growth?

Before 6 months of age Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is frequently used to assess the overall body iron stores due to its correlation with serum ferritin?

Ferritin Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of injury to the duodenum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy?

Direct coupling Signup and view all the answers

What are the important symptoms of chronic venous disease due to great saphenous vein or small saphenous vein incompetence?

Lower extremity pain and swelling Signup and view all the answers

What repair technique involves suturing the conjoined tendon to the inguinal ligament from the pubic tubercle medially to the area of the internal ring laterally, without using mesh?

Bassini repair Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure is preferred for a recurrent inguinal hernia that was initially performed in an open fashion?

Laparoscopic approach Signup and view all the answers

Which topical antimicrobial agent is associated with skin discoloration and contraindicated near eyes, during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and in newborns under 2 months?

Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene®) Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical repair method is primarily used when the use of mesh is contraindicated, for example, in a contaminated field due to perforated or ischemic bowel?

Open tissue repair method Signup and view all the answers

What type of varicose veins are important contributors to chronic venous disease?

Varicose veins of superficial veins Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is most likely to contribute to the development of Frey syndrome?

Parotidectomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common malignancy encountered in the post–solid organ transplant setting?

Nonmelanoma skin cancers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary blood component associated with a 0.00028% incidence of HIV transmission in transfusion-transmitted infections in the United States?

Packed RBCs (pRBCs) Signup and view all the answers

What is the best method for diagnosing accessory spleens?

99m Technetium sulfur colloid scan Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is characteristic of mild ischemic colitis?

Diarrhea without abdominal pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important indication for surgical resection of hepatic adenomas?

Size > 5 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended first-generation cephalosporin for surgical prophylaxis?

Cefazolin Signup and view all the answers

Which agent is useful for the treatment of methemoglobinemia?

Methylene blue Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pancreatic tumor poses a risk of rupture and malignant transformation?

Hepatic adenoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of full-thickness necrosis and perforation in ischemic colitis?

Large vessel occlusion Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is generally given to prevent theoretical bacterial translocation in ischemic colitis?

Metronidazole Signup and view all the answers

Which is the most appropriate management for patients with no evidence of transmural ischemia or perforation in ischemic colitis?

Supportive treatment without antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is generally given to prevent theoretical bacterial translocation in ischemic colitis?

Metronidazole Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of injury to the duodenum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy?

Excessive insufflation pressure Signup and view all the answers

What critical insight can the Respiratory Quotient (RQ) provide about the feeding status of a patient?

Carbohydrate utilization efficiency Signup and view all the answers

What are the important symptoms of chronic venous disease due to great saphenous vein or small saphenous vein incompetence?

Leg pain, swelling, and skin changes Signup and view all the answers

What feeding status does an RQ greater than 1.0 indicate?

Carbohydrate utilization Signup and view all the answers

Which agent is useful for the treatment of methemoglobinemia?

Methylene blue Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for not giving aromatase inhibitors in men?

Lack of evidence for therapeutic benefit Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of malignancy encountered in the post–solid organ transplant setting?

Nonmelanoma skin cancers Signup and view all the answers

Full Length Review 2

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Questions and Answers

What is the respiratory quotient (RQ) defined as?

What does an RQ of 0.7 indicate?

When does an RQ of 1 or greater suggest that the principal nutrient being metabolized is carbohydrate?

What does an RQ of 0.8-0.9 indicate?

What feeding status does an RQ greater than 1.0 indicate?

What critical insight can the RQ provide about the feeding status of a patient?

Which of the following is the least invasive, definitive management option with favorable outcomes for a patient with a pancreatic pseudocyst?

What is the most likely cause of chronic anemia in the patient?

What is the reason for not giving aromatase inhibitors in men?

What common symptom is associated with chromium deficiency?

Which mineral deficiency leads to altered mental status and coma?

What is the possible explanation for the slightly higher risk of intra-abdominal abscess formation after laparoscopic appendectomy compared to open appendectomy?

Which mineral deficiency is associated with poor wound healing?

What are the symptoms of deficiency associated with zinc?

What is the preferred surgical approach for appendectomy today?

What is the management option for a patient with a colonic angiodysplasia presenting with chronic anemia?

What is the standard treatment of choice for a simple low fistula and some mid-rectovaginal fistulas?

Which procedure involves resection of the pancreatic head, duodenum, and distal one-third of the stomach, and requires reconstruction with a gastrojejunostomy, pancreaticojejunostomy, and hepaticojejunostomy?

What is the first-line treatment for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?

Which surgical approach is chosen for chronic pancreatitis with dilated duct without head involvement?

What is the most appropriate anastomosis for patients with no evidence of distal ductal dilatation undergoing duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection?

What is the diagnosis of exclusion characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia without an apparent cause?

Which procedure involves coring out the head of the pancreas with a longitudinal dissection of the pancreatic duct toward the tail, followed by a Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy?

Which type of repair has the lowest recurrence rates for inguinal or femoral hernias?

What is the last line of therapy for stress gastritis bleeding?

What is the primary treatment for patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma?

What is the most common site for well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) within the GI tract?

What is the most common presenting symptom of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (NETs)?

What is the main reason for performing Heineke-Mikulicz strictureplasty in patients with Crohn disease?

What effect can excessive carbohydrate administration in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) have?

What initiates acute appendicitis?

What is the unfortunate adverse effect of gastric reconstruction most commonly seen in patients who have undergone Billroth II gastrojejunostomy?

What type of neoplasms can be observed if they are less than 3 cm in size and lack any suspicious features in CT or MRI?

What is classified as a simple low rectovaginal fistula?

What output qualifies a fistula as a low output fistula?

What is the 3-year event-free survival rate for hepatoblastomas in the Good Prognostic Stratum?

Which type of internal hemorrhoids prolapse through the anus but reduce spontaneously?

Which topical antimicrobial agent is effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and is contraindicated in renal toxicity at high doses/large areas?

When should orchiopexy ideally be performed to improve fertility and testicular growth?

Which protein is frequently used to assess the overall body iron stores due to its correlation with serum ferritin?

What is the most common cause of injury to the duodenum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy?

What are the important symptoms of chronic venous disease due to great saphenous vein or small saphenous vein incompetence?

What repair technique involves suturing the conjoined tendon to the inguinal ligament from the pubic tubercle medially to the area of the internal ring laterally, without using mesh?

Which procedure is preferred for a recurrent inguinal hernia that was initially performed in an open fashion?

Which topical antimicrobial agent is associated with skin discoloration and contraindicated near eyes, during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and in newborns under 2 months?

Which surgical repair method is primarily used when the use of mesh is contraindicated, for example, in a contaminated field due to perforated or ischemic bowel?

What type of varicose veins are important contributors to chronic venous disease?

Which factor is most likely to contribute to the development of Frey syndrome?

What is the most common malignancy encountered in the post–solid organ transplant setting?

What is the primary blood component associated with a 0.00028% incidence of HIV transmission in transfusion-transmitted infections in the United States?

What is the best method for diagnosing accessory spleens?

Which symptom is characteristic of mild ischemic colitis?

What is the most important indication for surgical resection of hepatic adenomas?

What is the recommended first-generation cephalosporin for surgical prophylaxis?

Which agent is useful for the treatment of methemoglobinemia?

Which type of pancreatic tumor poses a risk of rupture and malignant transformation?

What is the most common cause of full-thickness necrosis and perforation in ischemic colitis?

Which antibiotic is generally given to prevent theoretical bacterial translocation in ischemic colitis?

Which is the most appropriate management for patients with no evidence of transmural ischemia or perforation in ischemic colitis?

Which antibiotic is generally given to prevent theoretical bacterial translocation in ischemic colitis?

What is the most common cause of injury to the duodenum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy?

What critical insight can the Respiratory Quotient (RQ) provide about the feeding status of a patient?

What are the important symptoms of chronic venous disease due to great saphenous vein or small saphenous vein incompetence?

What feeding status does an RQ greater than 1.0 indicate?

Which agent is useful for the treatment of methemoglobinemia?

What is the reason for not giving aromatase inhibitors in men?

What is the most common type of malignancy encountered in the post–solid organ transplant setting?

What type of varicose veins are important contributors to chronic venous disease?

What is the best method for diagnosing accessory spleens?

Which mineral deficiency is associated with poor wound healing?

What common symptom is associated with chromium deficiency?

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