Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
17 Questions
32 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Common Associated Disease: Benign tertian malaria, vivax malaria Infective stage: sporozoites injected by mosquito during blood meal Diagnostic stage: Immature trophozoite (ring stage), mature trophozoite, schizont Vector: Female Anopheles mosquitoes Treatment: quinine, quinidine, chloroquine, dapsone

  • Plasmodium malariae
  • Plasmodium ovale
  • Plasmodium vivax (correct)
  • Plasmodium knowlesi
  • Common Associated Disease: Benign tertian malaria, ovale malaria Infective stage: sporozoites injected by mosquito during blood meal Diagnostic stage: Immature trophozoite (ring stage), mature trophozoite, schizont Vector: Female Anopheles mosquitoes Treatment: quinine, quinidine, chloroquine, dapsone

  • Plasmodium malariae
  • Plasmodium ovale (correct)
  • Plasmodiumm alariae
  • Plasmodium vivax
  • Common Associated Disease: Quartan malaria, malarial malaria Infective stage: sporozoites injected by mosquito during blood meal Diagnostic stage: Immature trophozoite (ring stage), mature trophozoite, schizont Vector: Female Anopheles mosquitoes Treatment: quinine, quinidine, chloroquine, dapsone

  • Plasmodium knowlesi
  • Plasmodium vivaxv
  • Plasmodium ovalev
  • Plasmodium malariae (correct)
  • Common Associated Disease: Black water fever, malignant tertian malaria, aestivoautumnal malaria, subtertian malaria, falciparum malaria Infective stage: sporozoites injected by mosquito during blood meal Diagnostic stage: Immature trophozoite (ring stage), mature trophozoite, schizont Vector: Female Anopheles mosquitoes Treatment: quinine, quinidine, chloroquine, dapsone

    <p>Plasmodium falciparum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Common Associated Disease: x Infective stage: sporozoites injected by mosquito during blood meal Diagnostic stage: Immature trophozoite (ring stage), mature trophozoite, schizont Vector: Female Anopheles mosquitoes Treatment: quinine, artemether lumefantrine, chloroquine,

    <p>Plasmodium knowlesi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Common Associated Disease: Babesiosis Infective stage: sporozoites injected by ticks during a blood meal Diagnostic stage: trophozoite Vector: Ixodes dammini ticks Treatment: Clindamycin and quinineor atovaquone and azithromycin, Diminazene and pentamidine, combination or singly, and pyrimethamine and quinine

    <p>Babesia microti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Common Associated Disease: Babesiosis Infective stage: sporozoites injected by ticks during a blood meal Diagnostic stage: trophozoite Vector: Ixodes ricinus ticks Treatment: Clindamycin and quinineor atovaquone and azithromycin, Diminazene and pentamidine, combination or singly, and pyrimethamine and quinine

    <p>Babesia divergens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    (Relative age of infected RBCs: Only young and immature cells) (Appearance of infected RBCs: Enlarged, distorted)

    <p>Plasmodium vivax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    (Relative age of infected RBCs: Only young and immature cells) (Appearance of infected RBCs: Oval and enlarged, distorted with ragged cell walls)

    <p>Plasmodium ovale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    (Relative age of infected RBCs: Only immature cells) (Appearance of infected RBCs: Normal size, no distortion)

    <p>Plasmodium malariae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    (Relative age of infected RBCs: May infect cells of all ages) (Appearance of infected RBCs: Normal size, no distortion)

    <p>Plasmodium falciparum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    (Appearance: Resembles a ring form Does not contain Schüffner’s, Ziemann’s, or Maurer’s dots) (Ring characteristics when stained with Giemsa: Blue cyto plasmic circle connected with or to red chromatin dot Vacuole usually present)

    <p>Babesia Species Trophozoite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    (Appearance: Resembles four trophozoites attached by their respective chromatin dots in the shape of a Maltese cross)

    <p>Babesia Species Merozoite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    (Ring form: Delicate cytoplasmic ring measuring one third of RBC diameter. Single chromatin dot Ring surrounds a vacuole. Accolé forms possible.) (Developing trophozoite: Irregular ameboid appearance Ring remnants common Brown pigment becomes apparent, increases in number and visibility as parasites mature) (Immature schizont: Multiple chromatin bodies, Often contains clumps of brown pigment) (Mature schizont: 12 to 24 merozoites occupy most of infected red blood cell Merozoites surrounded by cytoplasmic material Brown pigment maybe present) (Microgametocyte: Large pink to purple chromatin mass surrounded by colorless to pale halo Brown pigment common) (Macrogametocyte: Round to oval cytoplasm Eccentric chromatin mass Delicate light-brown pigment—maybe visible throughout cell)

    <p>Plasmodium vivax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    (Ring form: Resembles that of P.vivax, Ring larger in size than P.vivax, Ring thick and ofther somewhat ameboid in appearance) (Developing trophozoite: Ring appearance usually maintained until late in development, ameboid tendecies not as evident in P. vivax) (Immature schizont: progressive dividing chromatin surrounded by cytoplasmic material - often maintains circular shape in early development) (Mature schizont: Parasites occupy 75% pf RBC's, rosette arrangement of merozoites with an average of eight merozoites typically present) (Microgametocyte: Similar to P.vivax, only smaller in size) (Macrogametocyte: Similar to Pvivax, only smaller in size)

    <p>Plasmodium ovale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    (Ring form: Smaller than P.vivax, occupies one sixth of the RBC, heavy chromatin dot vacuole may appear filled in, pigment characteristically forms early) (Developing trophozoite: Non ameboid solid cytoplasm that may assume roundish, oval, band or bar shape, Cytoplasm contains coarse dark brown pigment, may mask chromatin material, vacoules absent in mature stages) (Immature schizont: Similar to that of P.vivax, only smaller, may contain large and dark peripheral or central granules) (Mature schizont: Typically contains 6 to 12 merozoites arrange in rosttes or irregular clusters, central arrangement of brown - green pigment may be visible, infected RBC may not be seen because developing parasites often fill the cell completely) (Microgametocyte: x) (Macrogametocyte: x)

    <p>Plasmodium malariae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    (Ring form: Circle configuration (one chromatin dot) or headphone configuration (two chromatin dot, scanty cytoplasm, small vacuole usually visible, multiple rings common, accolé forms possible) (Developing trophozoite: Heavy rings common, Fine pigment granules, Mature forms only seen in severe infection) (Immature schizont: Multiple chromatin bodies surrounded by cytoplasm, only detected in severe infections) (Mature schizont: Typically consist of 8-36 merozoites (average, 24) in cluster arrangement, only detected in severe infections) (Microgametocyte: Sausage or crescent shaped, dispersed central chromatin with nearby black pigment usually visible) (Macrogametocyte: Sausage or crescent shaped, compact chromatin, black pigment surrounding chromatin may be visible)

    <p>Plasmodium falciparum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Malaria

    • Benign tertian malaria, vivax malaria, ovale malaria, quartan malaria, and malarial malaria are all associated with the same infective stage, diagnostic stage, and vector.
    • Infective stage: sporozoites injected by female Anopheles mosquitoes during a blood meal.
    • Diagnostic stage: immature trophozoite (ring stage), mature trophozoite, and schizont.
    • Vector: Female Anopheles mosquitoes.
    • Treatment: quinine, quinidine, chloroquine, and dapsone.

    Falciparum Malaria

    • Associated with black water fever, malignant tertian malaria, aestivoautumnal malaria, and subtertian malaria.
    • Infective stage: sporozoites injected by female Anopheles mosquitoes during a blood meal.
    • Diagnostic stage: immature trophozoite (ring stage), mature trophozoite, and schizont.
    • Vector: Female Anopheles mosquitoes.
    • Treatment: quinine, artemether lumefantrine, and chloroquine.

    Babesiosis

    • Associated with tick-borne diseases.
    • Infective stage: sporozoites injected by ticks during a blood meal.
    • Diagnostic stage: trophozoite.
    • Vector: Ixodes dammini and Ixodes ricinus ticks.
    • Treatment: Clindamycin and quinine, atovaquone and azithromycin, Diminazene and pentamidine, or pyrimethamine and quinine.

    Morphology

    • Infected RBCs: enlarged, distorted, or normal size, with or without distortion.
    • Trophozoite: ring form, ameboid appearance, or irregular shape.
    • Schizont: multiple chromatin bodies, with or without brown pigment.
    • Microgametocyte: large pink to purple chromatin mass, or small, round, and compact chromatin.
    • Macrogametocyte: round to oval cytoplasm, eccentric chromatin mass, or similar to microgametocyte.

    Species Characteristics

    • P. vivax: ring form with a blue cytoplasmic circle, single chromatin dot, and vacuole usually present.
    • P. ovale: ring form with a delicate cytoplasmic ring, measuring one-third of RBC diameter.
    • P. malariae: ring form with a thick, ameboid appearance, and heavy chromatin dot.
    • P. falciparum: ring form with a small, one-sixth RBC diameter, and heavy chromatin dot, with coarse dark brown pigment.
    • P. knowlesi: ring form with a circle configuration, or headphone configuration, with scanty cytoplasm, and small vacuole usually visible.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers the diagnosis, treatment, and associated diseases, including the infective stage and vectors.

    More Like This

    Malaria Diagnosis and Treatment
    132 questions

    Malaria Diagnosis and Treatment

    InfluentialJasper4295 avatar
    InfluentialJasper4295
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser