Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the cell wall of bacteria made of?

Peptidoglycan

What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells?

Unicellular, no true nucleus, small in size, no membrane-bound organelles

What are the two kingdom names for bacteria?

Fungi

Eubacteria (correct)

Protista

Archaebacteria (correct)

Describe Archaebacteria.

Typically live in extreme environments such as deep sea hot vents Signup and view all the answers

Describe Eubacteria.

The type of bacteria we interact with every day. They are found in land, water, air, and in other organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three modes of transportation used by bacteria cells?

Use of a flagella or cilia, vibration, snake-like lashing movements Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 shapes of bacteria cells? Give an example of a bacterium that retains that shape.

Cocci - Streptococcus, Bacilli - E. coli, Spirilla - Spirillum minus Signup and view all the answers

Eukaryotic cells are larger than bacteria cells.

True Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria cells are larger than viruses.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the symbiotic relationship between E. coli and our digestive system?

Mutualism Signup and view all the answers

What structures do all viruses have, regardless of their shape?

A core that contains DNA or RNA & a protein-coated capsid Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if you do not complete an entire round of antibiotics as prescribed?

Some bacteria that have survived now recognize the antibiotic and become antibiotic-resistant Signup and view all the answers

What is a bacteriophage?

A virus that infects bacteria cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a gram-positive and a gram-negative bacteria cell?

Gram-positive has a thick layer of peptidoglycan outside the cell membrane, appearing purple when stained. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycle.

The lytic cycle is active viral replication causing symptoms, while the lysogenic cycle involves viral DNA integrating into the host genome. Signup and view all the answers

Why might a virus require a living organism to reproduce?

Because they need a host in order to reproduce and survive, as well as the energy and nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

What is a pathogen?

Any organism that can cause an infection or disease Signup and view all the answers

Who was Robert Koch?

A physician who used anthrax to establish a procedure for diagnosing infection called Koch's postulates. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Koch Postulates?

<ol> <li>Pathogen must be found in an animal with the disease and not in a healthy animal. 2. The pathogen must be isolated and grown. 3. Isolation into a healthy animal must reproduce the disease. 4. Pathogen must be the same.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles?

The lytic cycle actively replicates viral particles leading to cell lysis; the lysogenic cycle integrates viral DNA into the host genome. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bacteria Overview

Bacteria cells have cell walls made of peptidoglycan.
Characteristics of prokaryotic cells include unicellularity, absence of true nucleus, smaller size, and lack of membrane-bound organelles.

Bacteria Taxonomy

Two kingdom names for bacteria are Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
Archaebacteria typically reside in extreme environments, such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
Eubacteria include common bacteria found in various environments, including land, water, air, and within other organisms.

Bacterial Movement and Structure

Bacteria move using flagella or cilia, vibrations, or snake-like lashing movements.
Bacteria exhibit three shapes:
- Cocci (e.g., Streptococcus)
- Bacilli (e.g., E. coli)
- Spirilla (e.g., Spirillum minus)
Eukaryotic cells are larger than bacterial cells.

Bacteria and Viruses

Bacteria are larger than viruses, which aids in the fitness of organisms like bacteriophages and poliovirus by facilitating replication and host entry.
E. coli has a mutualistic relationship with the human digestive system.

Viruses and Their Properties

All viruses possess a core made of DNA or RNA and a protein-coated capsid.
Incomplete antibiotic treatment can lead to antibiotic resistance in surviving bacteria.

Pathogens and Disease

A pathogen is any organism capable of causing an infection or disease.
Robert Koch established a procedure for diagnosing infection known as Koch's postulates, using anthrax as a model.

Koch's Postulates

Pathogen must be present in diseased animals and absent in healthy ones.
Pathogen must be isolated from the sick animal and cultured in the lab.
Healthy animals must develop disease when injected with the isolated pathogen.
The cultured pathogen from the second animal must match the original pathogen.

Viral Life Cycles

The lytic cycle involves active viral replication, leading to symptoms in the host and the assembly of viral particles, prompting cell lysis to release new viruses.
The lysogenic cycle allows the viral DNA to integrate with the host's genetic material, remaining dormant until triggered by stress or radiation to reactivate into the lytic cycle.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the lytic and lysogenic cycles with these flashcards. Explore key concepts related to prokaryotic cells and the characteristics that define bacteria. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of microbiology.