Lymphoma Staging and Causative Organisms

Ann-Arbor Staging of Lymphomas

• Stage 1: Involvement of a single lymph node region.
• Stage 2: Presence of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm.
• Stage 3: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm.
• Stage 4: Diffuse extralymphatic involvement, indicating widespread disease beyond lymph nodes.

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Causative Organisms

• Hodgkin's disease: Associated with a 100/10/40/20 rule regarding Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) involvement.
• EBV is linked with various lymphomas, showing differing prevalence in different lymphoma types.

EBV Cases in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)

• B-cell type associations:
  • Burkitt's lymphoma: 100% association.
  • Post organ transplant lymphoma: 70% association.
  • Primary CNS lymphoma: 40% association.
• T-cell type associations:
  • Extranodal NK/T-lymphoma: prevalence associated with EBV.
  • Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL): 20% association.

Other Lymphomas and Disorders

• Burkitt's lymphoma: Highly aggressive B-cell lymphoma linked to EBV.
• Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: A type of indolent lymphoma characterized by an overproduction of IgM.
• Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma (MZL): Typically affects the spleen.
• MALToma (Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue lymphoma): Associated with mucosal sites.
• Primary effusion lymphoma: Often occurs in patients with HIV.
• Castleman's disease: A rare disease involving an overgrowth of lymphoid tissue.
• Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: Associated with Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV).

Key Terminology

• EBV: Epstein-Barr Virus, a virus implicated in several lymphoid malignancies.
• NHL: Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, a diverse group of blood cancers.
• DLBCL: Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma, the most common type of NHL.
• NK: Natural Killer cells, a type of lymphocyte involved in the immune response.
• CNS: Central Nervous System, areas of study in primary CNS lymphomas.
• MZL: Marginal Zone Lymphoma, a category of B-cell lymphomas.
• MALToma: Specific type of marginal zone lymphoma found in mucosal tissues.
• HTLV: Human T-Lymphotropic Virus, linked to certain leukemias and lymphomas.
• HCV: Hepatitis C Virus, connected with lymphoproliferative disorders.
• HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus, increases the risk for certain lymphomas.