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Questions and Answers
A pathologist identifies Reed-Sternberg cells in a lymph node biopsy. Which type of lymphoma is most likely?
A pathologist identifies Reed-Sternberg cells in a lymph node biopsy. Which type of lymphoma is most likely?
- Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
- Hodgkin's Lymphoma (correct)
- Follicular Lymphoma
- Burkitt's Lymphoma
A patient presents with a lymphoma characterized by the translocation between chromosome 14 and 18. Which of the following genes is most likely overexpressed in this condition?
A patient presents with a lymphoma characterized by the translocation between chromosome 14 and 18. Which of the following genes is most likely overexpressed in this condition?
- MYC
- BCL6
- BCL2 (correct)
- Cyclin D1
A 62-year-old European male is diagnosed with lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry reveals cells expressing CD20, CD5, and Cyclin D1. Which type of lymphoma is most likely?
A 62-year-old European male is diagnosed with lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry reveals cells expressing CD20, CD5, and Cyclin D1. Which type of lymphoma is most likely?
- Burkitt's Lymphoma
- MALT Lymphoma
- Mantle Cell Lymphoma (correct)
- Follicular Lymphoma
A pediatric patient is diagnosed with a rapidly progressing lymphoma displaying a 'starry sky' appearance on microscopic examination. Which type of lymphoma is most likely?
A pediatric patient is diagnosed with a rapidly progressing lymphoma displaying a 'starry sky' appearance on microscopic examination. Which type of lymphoma is most likely?
Which hematologic cancer is characterized by the proliferation of plasma cells?
Which hematologic cancer is characterized by the proliferation of plasma cells?
A patient is diagnosed with a lymphoma that originates from B cells and presents with a similar appearance to a gastric ulcer. Which type of lymphoma is most likely?
A patient is diagnosed with a lymphoma that originates from B cells and presents with a similar appearance to a gastric ulcer. Which type of lymphoma is most likely?
A lab technician notices the presence of follicle center B-cells (centrocytes and centroblasts) in a sample. Which type of lymphoma is most likely to be suspected?
A lab technician notices the presence of follicle center B-cells (centrocytes and centroblasts) in a sample. Which type of lymphoma is most likely to be suspected?
Which of the following patient populations has the highest incidence of plasmacytoma?
Which of the following patient populations has the highest incidence of plasmacytoma?
A patient presents with fever, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss. Enlarged lymph nodes are detected, and a biopsy confirms the presence of cancerous cells. Which lymphoma is most associated with involvement of the jaw and other facial bones?
A patient presents with fever, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss. Enlarged lymph nodes are detected, and a biopsy confirms the presence of cancerous cells. Which lymphoma is most associated with involvement of the jaw and other facial bones?
A patient is diagnosed with Multiple Myeloma. Which of the following findings is LEAST likely to be associated with this diagnosis?
A patient is diagnosed with Multiple Myeloma. Which of the following findings is LEAST likely to be associated with this diagnosis?
What is the initial diagnostic procedure for a patient suspected of having leukemia, based on symptoms such as fatigue and frequent infections?
What is the initial diagnostic procedure for a patient suspected of having leukemia, based on symptoms such as fatigue and frequent infections?
Which of the following lymphomas is most associated with H. pylori infection?
Which of the following lymphomas is most associated with H. pylori infection?
A patient is diagnosed with B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Where do these cancers originate?
A patient is diagnosed with B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Where do these cancers originate?
What is the primary goal of treatment for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)?
What is the primary goal of treatment for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)?
Which treatment approach is common across Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Follicular Lymphoma, Mantel Cell Lymphoma, and Burkitt's Lymphoma?
Which treatment approach is common across Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Follicular Lymphoma, Mantel Cell Lymphoma, and Burkitt's Lymphoma?
What is the most appropriate diagnostic test to confirm Multiple Myeloma?
What is the most appropriate diagnostic test to confirm Multiple Myeloma?
Flashcards
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
A type of cancer originating in lymphocytes, characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells.
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)
A diverse group of cancers that originate in lymphocytes, excluding Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Follicular Lymphoma
Follicular Lymphoma
The second most common type of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, arising from follicle center B-cells.
Burkitt's Lymphoma
Burkitt's Lymphoma
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Multiple Myeloma
Multiple Myeloma
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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
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Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
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Reed-Sternberg Cells
Reed-Sternberg Cells
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Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
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B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
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Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
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Study Notes
Lymphoma Types and Pathologies
- Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Cancer originating in lymphocytes.
- Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL): Cancer originating in lymphocytes.
- Follicular Lymphoma (2nd most common NHL): Cancer originating in lymphocytes.
- Mantle Cell Lymphoma (rarest NHL): Cancer originating in B cell lymphocytes.
- Burkitt's Lymphoma: Cancer originating in B cell lymphocytes.
- MALT Lymphoma: Cancer originating in B cell lymphocytes.
- Multiple Myeloma (2nd most common hematological malignancy in US after NHL): Cancer of plasma cells.
Leukemia Types and Pathologies
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Cancer of lymphocytes.
- B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia: Cancer of B lymphocytes.
- Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML): Cancer of myeloid line of cells.
- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Cancer of myeloid line of cells, a type of myeloproliferative disease.
Lymphoma Causes, Effects, and Diagnostics
- Infection with EBV: May increase risk of lymphoma, systemic symptoms. Biopsy used to diagnose.
- Translocations (e.g., chromosome 14 & 18 or chromosome 11 & 14): Overexpression of genes linked to immortality of cells. Biopsy is a diagnostic tool.
- Endemic/sporadic immunodeficiency (e.g., HIV, EBV infections): Involves jaw and other facial bones, distal ileum, cecum, ovaries, kidney, and/or breat. Biopsy used to diagnose.
- Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) chronic inflammation/H. pylori: Commonly found in the stomach. Endoscopy is a diagnostic method.
- Production of paraprotein: Kidney problems, bone lesions, and hypercalcemia may occur. Biopsy, electrophoresis, and urine/blood tests help diagnose.
Lymphoma and Leukemia Treatment and Survival
- Treatments: Radiation, chemotherapy, and stem cell transplant. Treatment varies based on the specific type of cancer.
- Survival: Survival rates vary significantly between different types of lymphoma and leukemia. Some types have high 5-year survival rates, others are not considered curable.
Lymphoma and Leukemia Characteristics and Populations
- Clinical Findings: Various lab findings and patient populations show differences based on disease type. For example, multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells are a sign of Hodgkin's lymphoma, which usually affects younger people. Different cell types are linked with different types of lymphoma or leukemia, depending on the disease subtype.
- Other characteristics: Such as abnormal lymphocytes, lymphoblasts, basophils, eosinophils, RBC, platelets etc.
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Description
Explore the types and pathologies of lymphoma and leukemia, including Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as well as various forms of leukemia such as ALL, AML and CML. Learn about the origin and characteristics of each condition.
