Lymphoid System and Defenses Against Diseases Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of immunity involves the recipient receiving antibodies produced by another person, animal, or synthetically?

  • Artificially acquired passive immunity (correct)
  • Artificially acquired active immunity
  • Naturally acquired active immunity
  • Naturally acquired passive immunity

    • Which type of immunity involves the person receiving a vaccine of dead, weakened, or inactivated pathogens or their antigenic parts?

  • Artificially acquired passive immunity
  • Naturally acquired active immunity
  • Naturally acquired passive immunity
  • Artificially acquired active immunity (correct)

    • What is the primary purpose of booster shots in the context of immunity?

  • To trigger a primary immune response
  • To cause a secondary response to boost antibody levels (correct)
  • To reject organ transplants
  • To provide passive immunity

    • What is the major challenge faced after an organ transplant?

    <p>Organ rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of comparing human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) between the donor and recipient in an organ transplant?

    <p>To limit the chance of organ rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is achieved when a person receives a vaccine containing dead or weakened pathogens?

    <p>Active immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune response is responsible for forming memory T and B cells in the body?

    <p>Primary immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is acquired when infants receive maternal antibodies IgG through the placenta?

    <p>Passive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation is artificially acquired passive immunity typically used?

    <p>When the pathogen acts severely and quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major challenge faced after organ transplantation?

    <p>Rejection of the new organ by the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity involves the production of antibodies by B cells in response to a specific antigen?

    <p>Active immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity involves the transfer of pre-formed antibodies from one individual to another, providing immediate but temporary protection?

    <p>Passive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune response occurs the first time the body encounters a specific antigen?

    <p>Primary immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune response is characterized by a faster and more robust antibody production upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen?

    <p>Secondary immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is acquired through the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her infant during pregnancy or breastfeeding?

    <p>Passive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between primary and secondary immune responses?

    <p>Primary immune response occurs upon first encounter with a pathogen, while secondary immune response occurs upon subsequent encounters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about active immunity is incorrect?

    <p>Active immunity provides long-term protection against a specific pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of passive immunity, which of the following statements is true?

    <p>Passive immunity is acquired through the transfer of antibodies from an external source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of memory cells in the immune system?

    <p>To rapidly respond and mount a more intense immune response upon subsequent encounters with the same pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of naturally acquired active immunity?

    <p>Recovering from a viral infection, such as the flu.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the primary immune response?

    <p>It involves the activation and proliferation of T and B cells to produce memory cells capable of recognizing the same antigen upon future exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the secondary immune response?

    <p>It involves the activation of memory T and B cells, resulting in a more rapid and intense response compared to the primary immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes active immunity?

    <p>It is acquired through the use of a person's immune response and leads to the development of memory cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes passive immunity?

    <p>It is acquired without the activation of a person's immune response, and no memory is developed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes naturally acquired active immunity?

    <p>It is acquired through the use of a person's immune response after exposure to a pathogen, leading to the development of memory cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of T cells in delayed hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>T cells produce cytokines that mediate the inflammatory response 1-3 days after antigen exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disorders is characterized by the production of antibodies against self-antigens?

    <p>Autoimmune diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of anaphylaxis, what is the primary mechanism that leads to life-threatening symptoms?

    <p>Excessive release of histamine by mast cells, causing vasodilation and fluid shift.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Hodgkin lymphoma?

    <p>Enlarged and painless lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the mechanism underlying passive immunity?

    <p>Transfer of preformed antibodies from another source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a primary immune response?

    <p>Rapid response upon subsequent exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Active immunity can be acquired through which of the following processes?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between active and passive immunity?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of a secondary immune response, which of the following statements is FALSE?

    <p>It results in lower antibody production compared to a primary response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is conferred by the placental transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus?

    <p>Passive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of adaptive immunity?

    <p>Innate immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are primarily responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antibodies in the immune response?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of nonspecific resistance?

    <p>Antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which vaccines provide immunity?

    <p>Introducing weakened or killed pathogens to induce an immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immune Response

    • Primary immune response occurs when the body encounters a pathogen or non-self antigen for the first time, stimulating T and B cells to become activated and proliferate to destroy the antigen.
    • Primary immune response produces memory cells that recognize the same antigen if it reenters the body.
    • Secondary immune response occurs when the body encounters the same antigen again, and memory T and B cells launch a more rapid and intense response than the primary immune response.

    Types of Immunity

    • Active immunity: acquired through the use of a person's immune response, leading to the development of memory cells.
    • Passive immunity: acquired without the activation of a person's immune response, with no memory developed.

    Active Immunity

    • Naturally acquired active immunity: results from exposure to a pathogen, where the person gets sick and recovers, leaving antibodies and memory T and B cells to fight later infections.
    • Artificially acquired active immunity: occurs when a person receives a vaccine of dead, weakened, or inactivated pathogens or their antigenic parts, triggering a primary immune response that forms memory T and B cells and antibodies.

    Passive Immunity

    • Naturally acquired passive immunity: occurs when infants receive maternal antibodies (IgG) through the placenta and IgA in breast milk.
    • Artificially acquired passive immunity: occurs when receiving injections of antibodies produced by another person, animal, or synthetically (called antiserum), used in emergency situations when the pathogen acts too severely and quickly.

    Rejection of Organ Transplants

    • Organ transplants are viable treatment options for persons with terminal diseases of certain organs.
    • The lymphoid system recognizes the new organ as non-self and attacks it, leading to organ rejection.
    • To limit the chance of rejection, compatibility of donor and recipient tissues is determined by comparing human leukocyte antigens (HLAs).

    Noninfectious Disorders

    • Allergy or hypersensitivity: occurs when allergens bind with IgE antibodies on mast cell surfaces, leading to an inflammatory response.
    • Autoimmune diseases: T and B cells recognize body tissues as non-self, producing an immune response, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis and type I diabetes.
    • Lymphoma: any tumor of lymphoid tissue, e.g., Hodgkin lymphoma.
    • Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID): a group of disorders resulting from genetic defects, leading to a marked deficit or absence of both T and B cells, making the lymphoid system nonfunctional.

    Antibody-Mediated Immunity

    • Antibodies: proteins known as globulins or immunoglobulins, e.g., IgG and IgA.
    • Antibody-mediated immunity: occurs when antibodies form antigen-antibody complexes that mark pathogens for destruction, and are engulfed and destroyed by macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils.
    • Antibodies do not destroy pathogens directly but neutralize bacterial toxins by binding to antigens, preventing them from attaching to receptors of body cells.

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    Lymphoid System and Defenses Against Diseases PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the lymphoid system and the body's defenses against diseases. Explore topics like primary immune response, T cells, B cells, and antigen encounters. Ideal for students studying immunology or biology.

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