Lymphatic System and Immunology Quiz

<p>By collecting excess fluid and returning it to the bloodstream (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscle contractions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manage the immune response and attack foreign cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any substance the body perceives as foreign (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are the primary sites where most immune responses occur. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activate T cells and capture antigens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To remove ruptured, worn-out, or defective blood cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White pulp (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The spleen produces blood cells throughout a person's life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Up to 33% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B lymphocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood vessels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Draining excess interstitial fluid and transporting dietary lipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Innate immunity does not have a memory component, while adaptive immunity does. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By transporting white blood cells to sites of infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To perform phagocytosis to destroy microbes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By becoming macrophages that are more potent than neutrophils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specificity and memory against antigens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the red bone marrow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intracellular pathogens, including viruses and bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibody-mediated immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytotoxic T cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mix of dead phagocytes and damaged tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhance immune reactions and cause cytolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemoglobin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exhibit broad antimicrobial activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphocyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion, killing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emigration of phagocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histamine and prostaglandins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Engulf pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eliminate pathogens and begin repair (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymph nodes (A), Spleen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dendritic cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing structural support for other cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrophils are the dominant cell type, but their lifespan is short. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Innate immunity is a nonspecific defense, while adaptive immunity is specific. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the body's first line of defense. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helper T cells play a role in both cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell-mediated immunity targets intracellular pathogens, while antibody-mediated immunity targets extracellular pathogens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To engulf and destroy pathogens through phagocytosis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contains only dead pathogens, not host tissue. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to recognize and respond to specific antigens. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a physical and chemical barrier against pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is specific to particular pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preventing viral replication in neighboring cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is specific to particular pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysozyme in tears (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interferons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysozyme in tears (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a general, nonspecific defense against a wide range of pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White pulp (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemostasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of red blood cells in adults (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supporting the parenchyma, providing structural framework (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They process and present antigens to T cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are displayed on the surface of cells in association with MHC-I molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ensures that T cells are only activated when a genuine threat exists. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretion of antibodies that neutralize the pathogen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They secrete antibodies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directly killing infected cells through the release of cytotoxic molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide a rapid and robust response upon re-exposure to the same pathogen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell-mediated immunity involves the direct killing of infected cells, while antibody-mediated immunity primarily targets pathogens in body fluids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts as a costimulator for the activation of both T and B cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It determines the class of the antibody. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of autoimmune diseases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antigen uptake, antigen digestion, MHC-II synthesis, antigen-MHC-II complex formation, presentation on cell surface. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural killer (NK) cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory T cells quickly differentiate into effector T cells upon re-exposure to the same pathogen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymph flows through the node in a unidirectional way, entering via afferent vessels and exiting through efferent vessels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generating plasma cells and memory B cells in response to antigens. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphatic nodules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To activate T cells by presenting antigens to them. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inner cortex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymph nodes are part of the lymphatic stream, acting as filters along its pathway. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collecting lymph, antibodies, and activated T cells before draining into efferent vessels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymph nodes provide a central location for monitoring for antigens and launching immune responses against them. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B cells and antibody-producing plasma cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stroma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Outer cortex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From afferent lymphatic vessels into sinuses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destroy foreign substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trabeculae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filter blood and remove old red blood cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtration and immune surveillance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptive immunity has a memory component and can recognize specific invaders, while innate immunity does not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pancreas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store and filter lymph fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are part of the mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin and mucous membranes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They expel mucus and foreign particles from the respiratory tract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin barrier provided by epithelial cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It traps microbes and foreign substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They widen capillary openings to allow entry of interstitial fluid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lymphatic system returns excess fluid and proteins from interstitial spaces back to the blood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The combined actions of skeletal muscle contractions and respiratory movements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The osmotic pressure of blood is higher than the osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid due to the presence of plasma proteins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dividing into identical cells responding to the same antigen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They produce antibodies during subsequent exposures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunogenicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They trigger immune reactions by being recognized (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary lymphatic tissues and organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helper T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help T cells recognize self or foreign substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are eliminated after the immune response is over (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhance certain immune reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytochrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognize and destroy harmful microbes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kill infected and tumor cells directly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive thirst (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Move towards the site of injury or infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of new tissue and healing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histamine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Break down ingested material within phagocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ability to ward off disease through defenses.

Nonspecific immunity present at birth without memory.

Specific immunity that recognizes invaders and has a memory component.

Consists of lymph, vessels, and organs with lymphatic tissue.

1. Drains excess fluid 2. Transports dietary lipids.

Small vessels that begin the lymphatic system, absorbing interstitial fluid.

Large vessels formed by the union of lymphatic capillaries; they carry lymph to ducts.

Thin-walled vessels similar to veins but with more valves that transport lymph towards the heart.

The process where excess filtered fluid from blood capillaries drains into lymphatic vessels and becomes lymph.

Returns lost plasma proteins to blood; important for fluid balance and immune response.

Largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body.

Part of the spleen containing lymphatic tissue with lymphocytes and macrophages.

Blood-filled part of the spleen involved in filtering and storage.

Site of lymphocyte proliferation, immune response, and blood cleansing.

Cells that remove defective blood cells and recycle materials like iron.

Main cells involved in the immune response, including T cells and B cells.

Any substance the body recognizes as foreign, like bacteria, viruses, or cancer cells.

Type of lymphocyte that manages immune response and attacks foreign cells.

Lymphocytes that produce plasma cells to secrete antibodies.

Sites where stem cells become immunocompetent, including red bone marrow and thymus.

Proteins in blood that enhance immune reactions and cause cell lysis.

Proteins that inhibit bacterial growth by sequestering iron.

An iron-binding protein found in blood and tissue fluids.

Short peptides that have broad antimicrobial activity and attract immune cells.

Lymphocytes that kill infected and tumor cells by destroying their membranes.

Process where phagocytes engulf and digest microbes in five steps.

Includes chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion, and killing of microbes.

Nonspecific response to tissue damage involving redness, heat, swelling, and pain.

Expansion of blood vessels to increase blood flow and allow immune substances to escape.

The movement of phagocytes to the site of inflammation, starting with neutrophils.

The process of neutrophils squeezing through blood vessel walls to reach damaged cells.

Movement of cells toward a chemical signal, guiding neutrophils to infection sites.

Transformed monocytes that are more potent than neutrophils and engulf pathogens.

A pocket of dead phagocytes and damaged tissue resulting from infections.

The ability of immune cells to perform their adaptive immune functions.

Immunity where cytotoxic T cells attack invading antigens directly.

B cells transform into plasma cells that produce antibodies to fight extracellular pathogens.

Contains stroma and parenchyma with white and red pulp.

Remove defective blood cells and recycle iron for reuse.

Lymph nodes consist of cortex and medulla, surrounded by a fibrous capsule.

The outer region of a lymph node containing B cell follicles and germinal centers.

The inner region of a lymph node with B cells, plasma cells, and macrophages.

They filter foreign substances and activate immune responses.

Vessels that bring lymph into a lymph node.

Vessels that carry lymph away from a lymph node.

Lymph flows through nodes in one direction only, from afferent to efferent.

Supporting connective tissue including capsule, trabeculae, and reticular fibers.

Small aggregations of lymphatic tissue not surrounded by a capsule, found in mucosal membranes.

Lymphatic tissue associated with mucous membranes in various systems, including respiratory and digestive tracts.

First line of defense against pathogens, including skin and mucous membranes that block entry.

Glands that secrete sebum, forming an acid film on skin to protect against bacteria.

Proteins produced by infected cells that prevent virus replication in neighboring cells.

Hair-like structures that move trapped particles up and out of the airway.

Mucus traps microbes and foreign particles, preventing them from entering the body.

Substances like gastric juice and vaginal secretions that discourage bacterial growth due to acidity.

Neutrophils squeezing through blood vessel walls to reach damage.

Immune cells that transform into macrophages, more potent than neutrophils.

T cells develop from stem cells in bone marrow, then move to the thymus.

The breakdown of antigenic proteins into peptide fragments associated with MHC molecules for presentation.

The insertion of antigen-MHC complexes into the plasma membrane for T cell recognition.

Antigens that are present in fluid outside body cells and processed by APCs for T cell recognition.

Antigens found inside body cells that are presented to T cells via MHC-I molecules.

Cells like dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells that process and present antigens to T cells.

Requires T-cell receptor recognition of antigens presented by MHC complexes along with costimulation.

The process where activated T cells proliferate to form clones that fight the specific antigen.

CD4+ T cells that assist in activating B cells and cytotoxic T cells by releasing cytokines.

CD8+ T cells that directly kill infected body cells displaying antigens with MHC-I.

Long-lived T cells that wait to respond rapidly upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

Occurs when an antigen binds to B cell receptors and is presented with MHC-II after processing.

Activated B cells that secrete antibodies to fight infections, typically lasting 4-5 days.

Immunoglobulins produced by B cells that specifically bind to antigens.

Functions like neutralization, immobilization, agglutination, and enhancing phagocytosis.

Additional signals required for T cell activation, often involving cytokines like interleukin-2.

Composed of lymph, vessels, and organs with lymphatic tissue.

Primary site for blood cell production and development of immune cells.

Encapsulated organs containing B and T cells that filter foreign substances and activate immune responses.

Mechanism aiding lymph flow, where muscle contractions help push lymph through vessels.

Supporting connective tissue that includes capsule, trabeculae, and reticular fibers.

The functional part of the lymph node, consisting of the cortex and medulla where immune activity occurs.

Part of the lymph node containing B cells organized into lymphatic nodules, the site for their activation.

Region of the lymph node primarily filled with T cells and dendritic cells that help activate immune responses.

Substances produced by the body, such as interferons, that help prevent infections.

The process where lymphocytes proliferate and differentiate in response to a specific antigen.

Activated lymphocytes that actively help eliminate antigens, including T cells and plasma cells.

Antigens provoke immune responses through immunogenicity and react specifically with antibodies.

Specific parts of an antigen that trigger immune responses by binding to antibodies or T cells.

Proteins that help T cells recognize self from non-self, crucial for immune responses.

The ability of a substance to provoke an immune response.

The ability of an antigen to specifically interact with the antibodies it provokes.

Proteins in blood that enhance immune reactions and cause cell lysis.

Short peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity attracting immune cells.

Cells like neutrophils and macrophages that engulf and digest microbes.

Includes chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion, and killing.

The movement of phagocytes like neutrophils to the site of inflammation.