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Questions and Answers
What are the two main components of the lymphatic system?
What are the two main components of the lymphatic system?
Lymphatic vessels & lymphatic tissues
What does lymph carry from the interstitial spaces to the blood?
What does lymph carry from the interstitial spaces to the blood?
- Blood cells
- Tissue fluid (correct)
- Carbon dioxide
- Oxygen
Lymphatic vessels have the same structure as blood vessels but have a smaller diameter.
Lymphatic vessels have the same structure as blood vessels but have a smaller diameter.
False (B)
What are the aggregates of lymphocytes embedded in a network of reticular fibers called?
What are the aggregates of lymphocytes embedded in a network of reticular fibers called?
Which of the following are lymphatic organs? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are lymphatic organs? (Select all that apply)
What is the shape of lymph nodes?
What is the shape of lymph nodes?
What is the concave depression on a lymph node called?
What is the concave depression on a lymph node called?
Lymph nodes are only found in the head and neck.
Lymph nodes are only found in the head and neck.
What is the function of the stroma in a lymph node?
What is the function of the stroma in a lymph node?
Which of the following is part of the stroma of a lymph node? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following is part of the stroma of a lymph node? (Select all that apply)
What is the outermost layer of a lymph node?
What is the outermost layer of a lymph node?
What is the function of trabeculae in a lymph node?
What is the function of trabeculae in a lymph node?
What is the reticular network made up of?
What is the reticular network made up of?
What are the two main parts of the parenchyma of a lymph node?
What are the two main parts of the parenchyma of a lymph node?
Which part of the cortex is located closer to the capsule?
Which part of the cortex is located closer to the capsule?
The inner cortex is called the thymus-dependent area because it contains mostly T-lymphocytes.
The inner cortex is called the thymus-dependent area because it contains mostly T-lymphocytes.
What are the irregular spaces lined by discontinuous endothelial cells found in the cortex called?
What are the irregular spaces lined by discontinuous endothelial cells found in the cortex called?
Which of the following are types of cortical sinuses? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are types of cortical sinuses? (Select all that apply)
Subcapsular sinuses are located between the capsule and the lymphatic follicles.
Subcapsular sinuses are located between the capsule and the lymphatic follicles.
What are the cord-like structures in the medulla of a lymph node called?
What are the cord-like structures in the medulla of a lymph node called?
What is the function of medullary sinuses in a lymph node?
What is the function of medullary sinuses in a lymph node?
What are the two main functions of lymph nodes?
What are the two main functions of lymph nodes?
Lymph nodes are responsible for filtration of lymph from microorganisms.
Lymph nodes are responsible for filtration of lymph from microorganisms.
Lymph nodes are only involved in cellular immunity.
Lymph nodes are only involved in cellular immunity.
What are the five main parts of the lymph circulation?
What are the five main parts of the lymph circulation?
Which of the following is NOT a type of tonsil?
Which of the following is NOT a type of tonsil?
Where are tonsils located?
Where are tonsils located?
What type of tonsils are located in the lateral walls of the oropharynx?
What type of tonsils are located in the lateral walls of the oropharynx?
What are the invaginations of the stratified squamous epithelium in palatine tonsils called?
What are the invaginations of the stratified squamous epithelium in palatine tonsils called?
Palatine tonsils are fully encapsulated by a capsule.
Palatine tonsils are fully encapsulated by a capsule.
What type of tissue separates the palatine tonsils from surrounding structures?
What type of tissue separates the palatine tonsils from surrounding structures?
The palatine tonsils are covered by ______ epithelium.
The palatine tonsils are covered by ______ epithelium.
Match the following labels of the palatine tonsil diagram with their corresponding structures:
Match the following labels of the palatine tonsil diagram with their corresponding structures:
Flashcards
Lymphatic System
Lymphatic System
A complex network of vessels and tissues responsible for filtering fluids, transporting immune cells, and defending the body against pathogens.
Lymph
Lymph
Fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system, derived from interstitial fluid and containing immune cells.
Lymph Nodes
Lymph Nodes
Small, bean-shaped organs located throughout the body, acting as filters for lymph and sites for immune cell activation.
Lymph Node Structure
Lymph Node Structure
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Lymph Node Stroma
Lymph Node Stroma
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Lymph Node Parenchyma
Lymph Node Parenchyma
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Lymph Node Cortex
Lymph Node Cortex
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Lymphatic Follicles
Lymphatic Follicles
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Primary Lymphatic Follicles
Primary Lymphatic Follicles
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Secondary Lymphatic Follicles
Secondary Lymphatic Follicles
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Germinal Center
Germinal Center
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Inner Cortex
Inner Cortex
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Cortical Sinuses
Cortical Sinuses
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Lymph Node Medulla
Lymph Node Medulla
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Medullary Cords
Medullary Cords
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Medullary Sinuses
Medullary Sinuses
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Lymph Filtration
Lymph Filtration
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Lymphatic Immunological Function
Lymphatic Immunological Function
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Lymph Circulation
Lymph Circulation
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Afferent Lymphatic Vessels
Afferent Lymphatic Vessels
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Efferent Lymphatic Vessels
Efferent Lymphatic Vessels
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Tonsils
Tonsils
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Palatine Tonsils
Palatine Tonsils
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Palatine Tonsil Histological Structure
Palatine Tonsil Histological Structure
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Crypts
Crypts
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Palatine Tonsil Capsule
Palatine Tonsil Capsule
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Spleen
Spleen
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Thymus
Thymus
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Study Notes
Lymphatic System Overview
- The lymphatic system is composed of lymphatic vessels and lymphatic tissues.
- Lymphatic vessels carry lymph (tissue fluid) from interstitial spaces to the blood.
- Lymphatic vessels have a similar structure to blood vessels but have a larger diameter and one blind end.
- Lymphatic tissues contain aggregates of lymphocytes embedded in a network of reticular fibers.
- Lymphatic tissues are organized into organs such as lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and tonsils.
Lymph Nodes
- Lymph nodes are encapsulated, spherical or kidney-shaped.
- Lymph nodes have a convex side where afferent lymphatic vessels enter and a concave depression called the hilum where afferent vessels enter and veins and efferent vessels leave.
- Lymph nodes are distributed along the course of lymphatic vessels.
Structure of Lymph Node
- Stroma (Supportive Connective Tissue):
- Capsule: a dense connective tissue layer thickened at the hilum.
- Trabeculae: extensions of the capsule that divide the node into incomplete compartments.
- Reticular network: composed of reticular cells and fibers.
- Parenchyma:
- Cortex: outer region
- Outer cortex: contains lymphatic nodules (aggregations of lymphocytes, mostly B-cells).
- Inner cortex: primarily T-lymphocytes, also known as the thymus-dependent area.
- Cortical sinuses: irregular spaces lined by discontinuous endothelial cells and macrophages
- Subcapsular sinuses: between capsule and lymphoid follicles
- Paratrabecular sinuses: around trabeculae
- Medulla: inner region
- Medullary cords: composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells.
- Medullary sinuses
- Cortex: outer region
Lymph Node Function
- Lymph node function includes filtration of lymph to remove microorganisms and immunological function (both cellular and humoral immunity).
- Lymph flows through the sinuses, trapping and removing foreign particles.
- Lymph nodes are vital for immune responses. Lymphatic nodules in the cortex contain B-cells which differentiate into plasma cells in the presence of antigens.
Lymph Circulation
- Lymph flows through the lymphatic vessels (afferent lymphatic vessels). It then flows through subcapsular sinuses->intermediate sinuses-> medullary sinuses. Finally it exits the node via efferent lymphatic vessels.
Tonsils
- Tonsils are incompletely encapsulated aggregates of lymphatic tissue located beneath the mucous membrane of the mouth, pharynx, and tongue.
- Types include palatine, pharyngeal, and lingual tonsils.
- Palatine tonsils are paired tonsils found in the lateral walls of the oropharynx.
- Histologically, tonsils are formed by lymphatic tissue containing secondary lymphatic follicles with germinal centres.
- Lymphatic nodules are present under the epithelium; they are covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium forming crypts.
- The crypts invaginate into the lymphoid tissue, and the dense connective tissue capsule acts as a barrier against infection.
Important Lymphocyte Locations
- Lymph Node: T lymphocytes are largely found in the inner part of the cortex (thymus dependent area)
- Lymph Node: B lymphocytes are mostly located in the outer cortex in aggregates called lymphatic nodules.
- Spleen: contains both T and B lymphocytes
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Description
Explore the intricacies of the lymphatic system, including its vessels and tissues. This quiz covers the structure and function of lymph nodes as well as the roles of major lymphatic organs. Test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of this vital system in the body.
