38 Questions
What is the medical term that describes common allergies?
Hypersensitivity
What type of hypersensitivity is caused by IgE binding to mast cells and causing degranulation?
Type 1
What is the purpose of epinephrine injectors in the case of anaphylactic shock?
To inhibit an anaphylactic response
What type of hypersensitivity is the body's response to a blood transfusion of the wrong type?
Type 2
What does the virus that causes HIV do to helper T cells?
Slowly weakens and inhibits them
What is the defining characteristic of Type 4 hypersensitivity?
Delayed reaction with cytokine release
Where do B cells mature?
Bone marrow
What is the main function of NK cells?
Destroy infected cells
What is the primary function of phagocytes?
Destroy pathogens
Which organ is described as being very vascular and 'filtering the blood'?
Spleen
What type of cells are macrophages and neutrophils?
Phagocytes
What is the process by which NK cells kill infected cells?
Apoptosis
What is the main function of dendritic cells in the immune response?
Communicate with other immune cells
Where do T cells mature?
Thymus gland
What is the purpose of opsonization in the immune response?
To mark pathogens for phagocytosis
Which of the following are characteristics of inflammation?
Heat, redness, and swelling
What is the role of histamine during inflammation?
Increase vasodilation
What is the function of the complement system in fighting infection?
Tagging pathogens for phagocytosis
What happens during antigen processing in the immune response?
Antigens get cleaved into smaller fragments
What is the outcome of positive selection in thymocytes?
Apoptosis if they don't bind to self antigens
Which cells are responsible for releasing cytokines to draw macrophages to the antigen?
Th1 cells
What is the role of CD8 cells in the immune response?
Destroying infected cells
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
To carry excess fluid and remove pathogens from the bloodstream
How does lymph move through the lymphatic system?
Through the pressure generated by the contraction of skeletal muscles and breathing
What is the function of lymph nodes?
To act as staging areas for an immune response
What are lacteals?
Specialized lymphatic vessels that carry dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins to the liver and bloodstream
What are the three phases of the immune system?
Barrier, innate, and adaptive
What is the function of the barrier defenses in the immune system?
To keep intruders out of the body
What is the main function of clones in the immune system?
They help destroy antigens by sharing the same antigen receptor.
What is the role of regulatory T cells in the immune system?
They suppress the activity of other T cells to prevent autoimmunity.
What is the process of getting rid of self-reactive B cells called?
Central tolerance
What is the main function of antibodies?
They neutralize viruses by preventing them from entering host cells.
Which type of antibody is the first to be produced during a primary immune response?
IgM
What is the main difference between active and passive immunity?
Active immunity involves the body creating its own antibodies, while passive immunity involves the transfer of pre-existing antibodies.
What is the role of helper T cells in the immune response?
They instruct B cells to produce antibodies.
What is the main mechanism by which viruses evade the immune system?
They downregulate MHC class I molecules to avoid detection by cytotoxic T cells.
What is the main treatment for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)?
Bone marrow transplant
How do antibodies provide protection against viruses?
They neutralize the virus by coating it and preventing it from entering host cells.
Test your knowledge on the lymphatic system, immune response, and conditions like lymphedema. Learn about the role of lymph nodes in the immune system and the circulation of fluids in the body.
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