Questions and Answers
What results from the absence or blockage of lymph vessels in a body region?
edema
What class of immunoglobulin serves as the antigen receptors on the surface of B cells?
IgD
What specific cell type produces antibodies?
plasma cells
Activated T cells are responsible for the ______ immune response.
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In the APR image, what is the structure highlighted in yellow, running up the posterior midline of the thoracic cavity?
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What cell type is responsible for cellular immune responses?
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As lymph is returned to the blood, it enters the ______ circulation.
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Activation of a group of proteins in plasma called _______ leads to inflammation, attraction of phagocytes, and enhancement of phagocytosis.
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In which direction would lymph be flowing through the indicated lymphatic vessel?
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In the APR image, identify the structure highlighted in yellow.
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Name the immunoglobulin classes that are found in secretions.
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What is inflammation?
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Some nutrients are considered essential nutrients. They are called 'essential' because:
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The enzyme ____ is the most important digestive enzyme in gastric juice.
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Inorganic elements needed for metabolism are called:
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Organic essential compounds needed in small very amounts; needed for normal metabolism are called:
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What part of the tooth is composed of cellular tissue similar to bone, but harder?
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Beta-carotene is a precursor for vitamin _____
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Which layer of the digestive tract is composed of epithelial tissue and may contain folds and mucus-secreting glands?
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What is meant by opsonization?
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An activated B cell proliferates, giving rise to a clone of B cells. Of these cells, some become _______ and some become ______.
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What is the name for cells that have the function of processing foreign antigens and assisting in the activation of T cells?
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In this APR image of the abdominal cavity of a cadaver, name the structure highlighted in yellow.
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Which term describes disorders resulting from the immune system attacking 'self' cells?
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What is inflammation?
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Name the cells included in the mononuclear phagocytic system.
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Name the immunoglobulin classes that are found in secretions.
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Study Notes
Lymphatic System and Immunology
- Edema occurs due to the absence or blockage of lymphatic vessels, leading to fluid accumulation in tissues.
- IgD is a class of immunoglobulin that functions as an antigen receptor on B cell surfaces.
- Plasma cells are the specific cell type responsible for antibody production.
- The cellular immune response is primarily mediated by activated T cells.
- The thoracic duct is a major lymphatic structure running along the posterior midline of the thoracic cavity.
Lymphatic Circulation
- T cells are crucial for initiating cellular immune responses.
- Lymph re-enters the bloodstream via the venous circulation.
- Complement proteins in plasma enhance inflammation, attract phagocytes, and promote phagocytosis.
Lymphatic Vessels and Function
- Lymph flows in lymphatic vessels from the bottom to the top, indicated by the position of valves.
- The remnant of the thymus is located in the thoracic region.
Immunoglobulin Classes
- Immunoglobulins present in secretions include IgA and IgE.
- Opsonization refers to the process of coating antibody-antigen complexes to facilitate phagocytosis by immune cells like macrophages and neutrophils.
Inflammation and Immune Response
- Inflammation represents the body's tissue response to injury or infection.
- Essential nutrients, required in the diet because the body cannot synthesize them adequately, include vitamins and minerals.
Digestive System
- Pepsin is the most vital digestive enzyme in gastric juice, beginning protein digestion when activated by hydrochloric acid.
- Dentin is the tooth structure that resembles bone but is denser and harder than bone.
Nutritional Compounds
- Beta-carotene serves as a precursor for vitamin A.
- The mucosa layer of the digestive tract consists of epithelial tissue and may include folds and mucus-secreting glands.
B Cells and T Cell Activation
- Activated B cells proliferate, resulting in a clone; some cells become plasma cells while others differentiate into memory cells.
- Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as macrophages, process foreign antigens and present them to T cells for activation.
Autoimmune Conditions
- Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells.
- The mononuclear phagocytic system encompasses various cells, including macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the lymphatic system and immunology concepts. Explore key areas such as edema, immunoglobulin classes, and T cell functions. This quiz covers the essential components and functions of the lymphatic system, making it ideal for students of biology and health sciences.
