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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of lymphatic capillaries?
What is the primary function of lymphatic capillaries?
The primary lymphoid organs include tonsils and adenoids.
The primary lymphoid organs include tonsils and adenoids.
False
What is tissue fluid also known as?
What is tissue fluid also known as?
Interstitial fluid
The ______ allows lymph to flow in one direction through the lymphatic vessels.
The ______ allows lymph to flow in one direction through the lymphatic vessels.
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Match the following lymphatic organs with their roles:
Match the following lymphatic organs with their roles:
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Which of the following correctly describes the structure of capillaries?
Which of the following correctly describes the structure of capillaries?
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Oedema is defined as an abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid.
Oedema is defined as an abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid.
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Name one physiological situation that may lead to oedema.
Name one physiological situation that may lead to oedema.
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Study Notes
Lymphatics
- The lymphatic system is a network of vessels, tissues, and organs that help maintain fluid balance and fight infection.
- Capillaries have thin walls that decrease diffusion distance and are numerous and highly branched to increase the surface area for exchange.
Capillary Structure and Function
- Capillary walls are thin, which minimizes the diffusion distance.
- Numerous and highly branched capillaries provide a large surface area for exchange.
- The lumen is narrow, squeezing RBCs against the capillary wall, reducing diffusion distance.
- Spaces between the endothelial cells enable white blood cells to pass through.
Capillary Microcirculation
- Blood flow from the arterial side to venous end.
- Hydrostatic pressure forces fluid out of the capillary.
- Osmotic pressure draws fluid back into the capillary.
- Interstitial fluid is the fluid outside the capillaries.
Lymphatic System - Conducting System and Lymphoid Tissue
- The conducting system consists of lymphatic capillaries, lymph vessels, and thoracic ducts.
- The conducting system carries lymph.
- Lymphatic tissue consists of lymphocytes and other white blood cells in connective tissue.
- Lymphatic tissue is primarily involved in immune responses.
- Lymphoid tissue can be primary, secondary, or tertiary.
Lymphatic Capillaries
- Lymphatic capillaries are blind-ended, bulbous tubes.
- Their walls are composed of endothelial cells.
- They are permeable to fluids, proteins, and bacteria.
- They prevent the backflow of fluids into the tissues.
- They merge with collecting lymphatics.
- Lymph vessels contain smooth muscle and unidirectional valves.
Lymphatic System Organization
- Blood capillaries filter fluid into interstitial spaces.
- Lymph capillaries collect fluid, proteins, and bacteria from tissues.
- Lymph flows through lymph vessels.
- Lymph nodes filter lymph.
- Lymph returns to the bloodstream via veins.
Lymphoid Tissue
- Tonsils and adenoids
- Lymph nodes
- Spleen
- Peyer's patches
- Appendix
- Bone marrow
Primary Lymphoid Organs
- Thymus and bone marrow
- These organs produce and early select lymphocytes.
- They generate lymphocytes from immature cells
Secondary Lymphoid Organs
- Lymph nodes, spleen, Peyer's patches, adenoids, and tonsils.
- They maintain mature naïve lymphocytes and initiate an acquired immune response.
- They are sites of lymphocyte activation.
Oedema
- Oedema is swelling in tissues due to excess interstitial fluid.
- Occurs when lymphatic drainage is insufficient to remove excess fluid.
Elephantiasis
- A condition characterized by severe swelling in the limbs.
- Caused by a parasitic nematode worm blocking lymphatic vessels.
Why Might Filtration Be Increased?
- The net flow of water across capillary walls is determined by the balance between osmotic pressure and capillary hydrostatic pressure.
- Increased filtration can occur if osmotic pressure decreases or capillary hydrostatic pressure increases.
Low Plasma Protein - Kwashiorkor
- A disease resulting from insufficient protein intake.
- Leads to reduced plasma protein levels, potentially impacting osmotic pressure and fluid balance.
Brief Recap
- Filtration occurs at the capillaries, resulting in interstitial fluid.
- Lymph formation occurs by interstitial fluid entering lymphatic capillaries.
- Lymphatic vessels transport lymph through the body.
- Lymphoid tissue filters and processes lymph.
- Primary and secondary lymph organs are sites of production and activation.
- Oedema results from impaired lymphatic drainage.
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Description
This quiz explores the structure and function of the lymphatic system and capillaries. It covers key concepts such as capillary microcirculation, diffusion mechanisms, and the roles of lymphoid tissues. Test your knowledge on how these systems contribute to fluid balance and immune responses.
