L23 Microcirculation and lymphatic system

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What is the main function of capillaries in the circulation system?

Exchange fluid, nutrients, and hormones between blood and interstitial fluid (correct)

Control blood flow using muscular walls

Collect blood from venules

Transport blood under high pressure

Which term refers to the alteration in the diameter of blood vessels to regulate blood flow?

Vasomotion (correct)

Venous reserve

Vasodilation

Vasoconstriction

What do arterioles primarily control in the circulation system?

Blood vessel diameter (correct)

Capillary exchange

High-pressure blood flow

Fluid and electrolyte balance

What is the major function of venules in the circulation system?

Serve as a reservoir for extra blood Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the circulation system features strong vascular walls to transport blood under high pressure?

Arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of veins in the circulation system?

Transport blood under low pressure Signup and view all the answers

'Oedema' in the context of the circulatory system is primarily caused by:

'Starling' forces Signup and view all the answers

'Vasodilation' and 'Vasoconstriction' are primarily regulated by:

'Vasomotion' Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of decreased colloid osmotic pressure leading to extracellular edema?

Lack of protein intake (Kwashiorkor) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of edema in a patient with heart failure?

Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following causes of extracellular edema is associated with non-pitting edema?

Inadequate lymph drainage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of edema in a patient with kidney disease?

Excessive salt retention Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a cause of decreased colloid osmotic pressure leading to extracellular edema?

Increased capillary permeability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of increased capillary permeability leading to extracellular edema?

Vitamin C deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of edema in a patient with liver disease?

Decreased colloid osmotic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components of the Starling equation is altered in a patient with kwashiorkor?

Tissue colloid osmotic pressure Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the blood volume is in the systemic circulation?

84% Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter range of capillaries?

5μm - 9μm Signup and view all the answers

What is the velocity of blood flow in capillaries?

0.2-0.3 mm/sec Signup and view all the answers

What type of capillaries are found in the muscle and brain?

Continuous capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What causes vasomotion in capillaries?

Intermittent contraction of metarterioles and precapillary sphincters Signup and view all the answers

What is the surface area of capillaries in an adult body?

3000 m² Signup and view all the answers

What is the thickness of capillary walls?

0.5-1 μm Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of capillaries?

0.7 mm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

To return excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about lymph fluid is correct?

It is isotonic and contains fewer proteins than plasma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the flow of lymph?

Positive intrathoracic pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lymph nodes?

To remove bacteria from the tissue spaces Signup and view all the answers

What causes the milky appearance of lymph in the thoracic duct?

Absorption of long-chain fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between extracellular and intracellular edema?

Extracellular edema involves excess fluid in the interstitial space, while intracellular edema involves excess fluid within cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about lymphatic capillaries is correct?

They are blind-ended vessels that drain into lymphatic vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the final destination of lymph fluid in the body?

It enters the superior vena cava and rejoins the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the net filtration pressure at the arterial end of the capillary?

$13$ mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the net reabsorption at the venous end of the capillary?

High plasma colloid osmotic pressure Signup and view all the answers

If the plasma colloid osmotic pressure ($\Pi_p$) decreases, what effect would this have on the net filtration pressure at the arterial end?

Net filtration pressure would decrease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the excess fluid in the tissue is removed?

Drainage by the lymphatic system Signup and view all the answers

What is the net filtration pressure in the kidney?

$60$ mmHg Signup and view all the answers

If the interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure ($\Pi_{if}$) increases, what effect would this have on the net filtration pressure at the arterial end?

Net filtration pressure would increase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driving force for filtration at the arterial end of the capillary?

Capillary hydrostatic pressure ($P_c$) Signup and view all the answers

What is the net filtration pressure at the venous end of the capillary?

$-7$ mmHg Signup and view all the answers