40 Questions
What is the main function of capillaries in the circulation system?
Exchange fluid, nutrients, and hormones between blood and interstitial fluid
Which term refers to the alteration in the diameter of blood vessels to regulate blood flow?
Vasomotion
What do arterioles primarily control in the circulation system?
Blood vessel diameter
What is the major function of venules in the circulation system?
Serve as a reservoir for extra blood
Which part of the circulation system features strong vascular walls to transport blood under high pressure?
Arteries
What is the primary role of veins in the circulation system?
Transport blood under low pressure
'Oedema' in the context of the circulatory system is primarily caused by:
'Starling' forces
'Vasodilation' and 'Vasoconstriction' are primarily regulated by:
'Vasomotion'
Which of the following is a cause of decreased colloid osmotic pressure leading to extracellular edema?
Lack of protein intake (Kwashiorkor)
What is the primary cause of edema in a patient with heart failure?
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Which of the following causes of extracellular edema is associated with non-pitting edema?
Inadequate lymph drainage
What is the primary cause of edema in a patient with kidney disease?
Excessive salt retention
Which of the following is not a cause of decreased colloid osmotic pressure leading to extracellular edema?
Increased capillary permeability
Which of the following is a cause of increased capillary permeability leading to extracellular edema?
Vitamin C deficiency
What is the primary cause of edema in a patient with liver disease?
Decreased colloid osmotic pressure
Which of the following components of the Starling equation is altered in a patient with kwashiorkor?
Tissue colloid osmotic pressure
What percentage of the blood volume is in the systemic circulation?
84%
What is the diameter range of capillaries?
5μm - 9μm
What is the velocity of blood flow in capillaries?
0.2-0.3 mm/sec
What type of capillaries are found in the muscle and brain?
Continuous capillaries
What causes vasomotion in capillaries?
Intermittent contraction of metarterioles and precapillary sphincters
What is the surface area of capillaries in an adult body?
3000 m²
What is the thickness of capillary walls?
0.5-1 μm
What is the length of capillaries?
0.7 mm
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
To return excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream
Which of the following statements about lymph fluid is correct?
It is isotonic and contains fewer proteins than plasma
Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the flow of lymph?
Positive intrathoracic pressure
What is the primary function of lymph nodes?
To remove bacteria from the tissue spaces
What causes the milky appearance of lymph in the thoracic duct?
Absorption of long-chain fatty acids
What is the primary difference between extracellular and intracellular edema?
Extracellular edema involves excess fluid in the interstitial space, while intracellular edema involves excess fluid within cells
Which of the following statements about lymphatic capillaries is correct?
They are blind-ended vessels that drain into lymphatic vessels
What is the final destination of lymph fluid in the body?
It enters the superior vena cava and rejoins the bloodstream
What is the net filtration pressure at the arterial end of the capillary?
$13$ mmHg
What is the primary cause of the net reabsorption at the venous end of the capillary?
High plasma colloid osmotic pressure
If the plasma colloid osmotic pressure ($\Pi_p$) decreases, what effect would this have on the net filtration pressure at the arterial end?
Net filtration pressure would decrease
What is the primary mechanism by which the excess fluid in the tissue is removed?
Drainage by the lymphatic system
What is the net filtration pressure in the kidney?
$60$ mmHg
If the interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure ($\Pi_{if}$) increases, what effect would this have on the net filtration pressure at the arterial end?
Net filtration pressure would increase
What is the primary driving force for filtration at the arterial end of the capillary?
Capillary hydrostatic pressure ($P_c$)
What is the net filtration pressure at the venous end of the capillary?
$-7$ mmHg
Test your knowledge of the human blood circulation system with this quiz! Questions cover details such as blood volume distribution, capillary circulation, and endothelial cell structure. Discover interesting facts about the heart, lungs, veins, arteries, and capillaries.
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