37 Questions
What is the primary function of plasma cells?
To secrete soluble antibodies
Where do B cells develop?
In the red bone marrow
What is the primary function of Natural Killer cells?
To provide the first line of defense against viruses and some cancers
Where is the thymus gland located?
Between the sternum and aorta
What is the function of yellow bone marrow?
To provide energy storage in the form of fat cells
What is the main function of the immune system?
Destroying pathogens
Which part of the body has areas without lymph vessels?
Brain
What is the main function of B cells in the immune system?
Produce plasma cells
How does lymph typically move within the body's lymphatic vessels?
By muscle contractions, breathing, and body movements
Where is the major staging area for the development of a critical immune response?
Lymph node
Which type of leukocytes ingest pathogens?
Phagocytic cells
Which lymphoid organ is known as the 'filter of the Blood' due to its extensive vascularization?
Spleen
What is the function of lymph nodes in the immune system?
To remove debris
Where are lymphoid nodules typically found within the body?
Digestive tracts
Which type of cells are abundant in germinal centers within secondary lymphoid organs?
Plasma cells
What can cause swelling in tonsils according to the text?
Active immune response to an infection
Which type of vessels enter the lymph node to bring in lymph?
Afferent lymphatic vessels
What is the primary role of macrophages in the immune response?
To stimulate phagocytosis at the site of infection
What is the role of dendrites in the immune system?
To bring antigens to regional lymph nodes
Which cells are responsible for stimulating antibody secretion?
B cells
What is the process by which T cells that might attack the body's own cells are eliminated?
Negative selection
Which type of T cells regulate the activity of macrophages and other T cells?
Helper T cells (Th1)
What is the process by which a mature T cell recognizes an antigen and rapidly divides to mount a strong immune response?
Clonal expansion
Which type of T cells are responsible for killing target cells by inducing apoptosis, similar to natural killer (NK) cells?
Cytotoxic T cells
What is the process by which B cells that might attack the body's own cells are eliminated in the bone marrow?
Central tolerance
Which class of antibody is associated with allergies and anaphylaxis, and causes mast cells to degranulate?
IgE
What is the process by which antibody levels rise in the blood as pathogen levels decline, and vice versa?
Seroconversion
What is the primary role of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)?
To provide an effective defense against inhaled pathogens
Which of the following statements about barrier defenses is NOT true?
Normal flora on mucosal surfaces prevent the growth of pathogens
Which of the following innate immune cells induces apoptosis in infected cells?
Natural killer cells
What is the function of granzymes in the innate immune response?
To trigger apoptosis in infected cells by entering through holes created by perforins
Which of the following is NOT a function of the inflammatory response?
Activation of the adaptive immune response
What is the primary characteristic of the adaptive immune response?
It can specifically recognize and attack a wide variety of pathogens
Which type of antigen is typically recognized by T cells on viruses?
Protein antigens
What is the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in antigen presentation?
To present antigens on the cell surface for T cell recognition
Which cells can express class II MHC molecules for antigen presentation?
Only professional antigen-presenting cells
What is the primary difference between the primary and secondary adaptive immune responses?
The primary response has worse symptoms, while the secondary response is likely to eliminate the pathogen before symptoms appear
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the lymphatic and immune systems, including functions of immune cells, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and the role of lymph in carrying lipids and vitamins. Explore the essential concepts from Chapter 21 - 21.1 of the lymphatic and immune system.
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