Changes during pregnancy
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is considered a presumptive sign of pregnancy?

  • Ballottement
  • Amenorrhea (correct)
  • Fetal heart sounds
  • Positive pregnancy test

What is a probable sign of pregnancy that is characterized by a violet-bluish discoloration of the cervix?

  • Chadwick's sign (correct)
  • Hegar's sign
  • Goodell's sign
  • Braxton Hicks contractions

Which method is NOT a way to confirm a pregnancy?

  • Urine test for hCG
  • Ultrasound visualization of the fetus
  • Braxton Hicks contractions (correct)
  • Fetal heart rate monitoring

What does Naegele's rule help to determine in the context of pregnancy?

<p>The expected delivery date (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'multigravida' refer to?

<p>A woman who has had two or more pregnancies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about hCG is correct?

<p>hCG levels decline after implantation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of quickening indicate during pregnancy?

<p>Positive fetal movement felt by the mother (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly differentiates between probable and positive signs of pregnancy?

<p>Probable signs may also be caused by conditions other than pregnancy, while positive signs are definitive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is associated with the softening and compressibility of the lower uterus?

<p>Hegar's sign (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a change in the cardiovascular system during pregnancy?

<p>Cardiac output increases by 30-50% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change is commonly associated with the musculoskeletal system during pregnancy?

<p>Relaxation of pelvic joints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the respiratory system during pregnancy?

<p>Chest size may enlarge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a gastrointestinal change during pregnancy?

<p>Increased appetite and lower digestive transit time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is produced by the placenta during pregnancy?

<p>hCG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How may blood pressure change during pregnancy?

<p>Systolic pressure remains unchanged in the first trimester (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common issue related to body image changes during pregnancy?

<p>Negative body image due to physical changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which positioning recommendation is best to alleviate pressure on the vena cava during pregnancy?

<p>Supine with a wedge under one hip (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected change in pulse rate during pregnancy, particularly around 32 weeks of gestation?

<p>Increases by 10 to 15 beats per minute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical change contributes to increased respiratory demand during pregnancy?

<p>Elevation of the diaphragm by up to 4 cm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a normal fetal heart rate baseline during pregnancy?

<p>110 to 160 beats per minute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change can occur to the heart during pregnancy?

<p>Cardiac hypertrophy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skin change is characterized by increased pigmentation on the face during pregnancy?

<p>Chloasma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nursing intervention supports clients in managing body image issues during pregnancy?

<p>Discussing expected physiological changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common concern for pregnant clients related to the increases in uterine size?

<p>Shortness of breath (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which breast change is typically attributed to hormonal influences during pregnancy?

<p>Increased size and darkening of the areolae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy

Changes a client experiences that suggest pregnancy, but may have other causes.

Probable Signs of Pregnancy

Signs suggesting pregnancy to a healthcare professional, but may be caused by other conditions.

Positive Signs of Pregnancy

Signs that definitely indicate pregnancy; only explained by pregnancy.

HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)

Hormone produced during pregnancy, detected to confirm pregnancy.

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Naegele's Rule

Method to estimate the due date; based on the last menstrual cycle.

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Gravidity

The total number of pregnancies, including current.

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Nulligravida

Woman who has never been pregnant.

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Primigravida

Woman experiencing her first pregnancy.

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Multigravida

Woman who has had two or more pregnancies.

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Fundal Height

Measurement of the uterus during pregnancy; estimates gestational age.

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Uterine Changes in Pregnancy

The uterus expands significantly in size and shape during pregnancy.

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Cardiac Output Increase

The amount of blood pumped by the heart increases by 30-50% during pregnancy.

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Blood Volume Increase

Blood volume expands by 30-50% during pregnancy.

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Gestational Heart Rate

Heart rate increases by 10-15 bpm above pre-pregnancy levels during pregnancy.

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Supine Hypotension

Lying on your back during pregnancy can cause a drop in blood pressure, potentially reducing blood flow to the fetus.

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Placenta Endocrine Function

Placenta produces hormones essential for pregnancy, including hCG, progesterone, estrogen, and placental lactogen.

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Glomerular Filtration Rate

GFR increases due to pregnancy hormones and increased blood volume, while urine production remains relatively normal.

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Positioning during Pregnancy

To reduce blood pressure fluctuations, sleeping on the left side or in a semi-reclined position is recommended.

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What happens to maternal pulse during pregnancy?

Maternal pulse increases by 10 to 15 beats per minute around 32 weeks of gestation and stays elevated throughout the rest of pregnancy.

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Why does a pregnant woman's breathing change?

Pregnancy causes the diaphragm to elevate and the chest wall to expand, allowing for increased oxygen intake to meet the needs of the growing fetus.

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What is the normal range for fetal heart rate?

Fetal heart rate should be between 110 to 160 beats per minute.

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Why does a pregnant woman's heart change shape?

The heart gets bigger and changes shape during pregnancy to handle increased blood volume and output to support the baby and growing placenta.

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How big does the uterus get during pregnancy?

The uterus grows from 50 to 1000 grams (0.1 to 2.2 lbs) by the end of pregnancy. By 36 weeks, the top of the uterus reaches the xiphoid process.

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What are the signs of cervical changes during pregnancy?

The cervix changes color to purplish-blue, becomes soft, and extends into the vagina and labia.

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What are some common skin changes in pregnancy?

Common skin changes during pregnancy include chloasma, linea nigra, and striae gravidarum.

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What are the nursing interventions for expected physiological changes in pregnant women?

Nursing interventions include acknowledging the client's concerns, discussing expected changes, assisting in setting self-care goals, referring to counseling if needed, educating about changes, addressing concerns, and encouraging follow-up appointments.

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